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Ethylene-mediated nitric oxide depletion pre-adapts plants to hypoxia stress.

ABSTRACT: Timely perception of adverse environmental changes is critical for survival. Dynamic changes in gases are important cues for plants to sense environmental perturbations, such as submergence. In Arabidopsis thaliana, changes in oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) control the stability of ERFVII transcription factors. ERFVII proteolysis is regulated by the N-degron pathway and mediates adaptation to flooding-induced hypoxia. However, how plants detect and transduce early submergence signals remains elusive. Here we show that plants can rapidly detect submergence through passive ethylene entrapment and use this signal to pre-adapt to impending hypoxia. Ethylene can enhance ERFVII stability prior to hypoxia by increasing the NO-scavenger PHYTOGLOBIN1. This ethylene-mediated NO depletion and consequent ERFVII accumulation pre-adapts plants to survive subsequent hypoxia. Our results reveal the biological link between three gaseous signals for the regulation of flooding survival and identifies key regulatory targets for early stress perception that could be pivotal for developing flood-tolerant crops.

SUBMITTER: Hartman S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6728379 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ethylene-mediated nitric oxide depletion pre-adapts plants to hypoxia stress.

Hartman Sjon S Liu Zeguang Z van Veen Hans H Vicente Jorge J Reinen Emilie E Martopawiro Shanice S Zhang Hongtao H van Dongen Nienke N Bosman Femke F Bassel George W GW Visser Eric J W EJW Bailey-Serres Julia J Theodoulou Frederica L FL Hebelstrup Kim H KH Gibbs Daniel J DJ Holdsworth Michael J MJ Sasidharan Rashmi R Voesenek Laurentius A C J LACJ

Nature communications 20190905 1

Timely perception of adverse environmental changes is critical for survival. Dynamic changes in gases are important cues for plants to sense environmental perturbations, such as submergence. In Arabidopsis thaliana, changes in oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) control the stability of ERFVII transcription factors. ERFVII proteolysis is regulated by the N-degron pathway and mediates adaptation to flooding-induced hypoxia. However, how plants detect and transduce early submergence signals remains elusi ...[more]

PMID: 31488841

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Project description:Nitric oxide (NO.) is a well-established signal in mammalian cells regulating e.g. smooth muscle tone, neurotransmission and apoptosis. NO interacts with superoxide (O2-) to derive the highly reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO-) radical leading to the generation of lipid hydroxy-peroxides (ROO.) and cell death. Thus the recent reports implicating of .NO in the Hypersensitive Response (HR) a form of programmed cell death elicited by pathogens in plantsis suggestive of parallel roles in animals and plants. As part of BBSRC funded programmes which are investigating oxidative signaling and cell death in Arabidopsis we have collaborated with the Trace Gas Detection facility at the University of Nijmegen to be the first to measure NO in planta from a developing HR (Mur et al.paper in prep). The challenge remains to understand the spatio-temporal role(s) of .NO during the HR and disease development. In line with other groups e.g. Klessig et al.(2000) PNAS 978849-55 we have observed that .NO mediated event are both SA- dependent and independent. We propose a two-stage programme to investigate NO events which will lead to subsequent BBSRC grant bids. Firstly to exploit the GARNET Affymetrix transcriptomic service to identify genes which are upregulated by .NO (see programme below). These will be compared with similar data generated by other members of the consortium; Dr. Steve Neill for oxidative stress (Desikan et al. (2001). Plant Physiol 127(1): 159-72; Clarke et al.2000 Plant J.; 24:667-77); Dr. Paul Kenton who is mainly interested in signaling by the oxylipid Jasmonic acid (Kentonet al. (1999). MPMI 12(1): 74-78) as well as from other sources. Though these data in themselves will suggest modes of NO action. However as a second approach we will clone the promoter of a strongly NO-responsive gene which will be fused to positive and negative selectable markers as well as reporter genes e.g. LUC. to identify Arabidopsis EMS mutants which are perturbed in NO-mediated events. Programme. Our in planta measurement show that from a baseline production of 1nl.g fwt-1h-1 NO levels rise to 6nl. g fwt-h-1 (_plus/- 1.1 SE) prior to cell death and to 25nl g fwt-h-1 (_plus/- 4.2 SE) at cell death following which the concentration falls. At this juncture we will intend to gas Arabidopsis to ~75ppb (the head-space concentration when NO production was at 6nl. g fwt-h-1). Prior to using the DNA RNA will establish that this does not elicit cell death over the proposed treatment period and that both PR1 (SA-dependent) and PAL1 (SA-independent) genes are induced. We will compare this plant with sealed but non-treated Arabidopsis. Future targets for DNA RNAs analysis induce plant treated with both NO (Sodium Nitro Prusside) and O2- (Xanthine oxidase) generators and depending on their effectiveness (to be assessed by NO measurement) HR lesions treated with Nitric Oxide Synthase inhibitors. Keywords: compound_treatment_design

Project description:BACKGROUND:Nutrition with ammonium (NH4+) can enhance the drought tolerance of rice seedlings in comparison to nutrition with nitrate (NO3-). However, there are still no detailed studies investigating the response of nitric oxide (NO) to the different nitrogen nutrition and water regimes. To study the intrinsic mechanism underpinning this relationship, the time-dependent production of NO and its protective role in the antioxidant defense system of NH4+- or NO3--supplied rice seedlings were studied under water stress. RESULTS:An early NO burst was induced by 3?h of water stress in the roots of seedlings subjected to NH4+ treatment, but this phenomenon was not observed under NO3- treatment. Root oxidative damage induced by water stress was significantly higher for treatment with NO3- than with NH4+ due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the former. Inducing NO production by applying the NO donor 3?h after NO3- treatment alleviated the oxidative damage, while inhibiting the early NO burst by applying the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) increased root oxidative damage in NH4+ treatment. Application of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME) completely suppressed NO synthesis in roots 3?h after NH4+ treatment and aggravated water stress-induced oxidative damage. Therefore, the aggravation of oxidative damage by L-NAME might have resulted from changes in the NOS-mediated early NO burst. Water stress also increased the activity of root antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase). These were further induced by the NO donor but repressed by the NO scavenger and NOS inhibitor in NH4+-treated roots. CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that the NOS-mediated early NO burst plays an important role in alleviating oxidative damage induced by water stress by enhancing the antioxidant defenses in roots supplemented with NH4+.

Project description:Of all the essential nutrients, nitrogen is the one most often limiting for plant growth. Nitrogen can be taken up by plants in two ways. One possibility is through ammonium and nitrate, which are the predominate inorganic forms of nitrogen in soils. The second possibility is the uptake of air-born nitrogen through plant-associated mircoorganisms in root nodules. The majority of plants able to form such nitrogen-fixing root nodules are in the legume family Fabaceae. Here we present a third possibility M-bM-^@M-^S a new pathway, termed as nitric oxide (NO)-fixation pathway, which allows plants to fix atmospheric NO and to use it for better growth and development. We identified non-symbiotic hemoglobin class 1 (AtGLB1) and class 2 (AtGLB2) as key proteins of the NO-fixation pathway. In an NO enriched environment NO-fixation is enhanced considerably in plants overexpressing AtGLB1 or AtGLB2 genes. NO uptake resulted in four-fold higher nitrate levels in these plants compared to NO-treated wild-type plants. Correspondingly, the growth parameters like rosettes size and weight, vegetative shoot thickness and also seed yield were 25%, 40%, 30%, and 20% higher, respectively, in the overexpression lines in comparison to wild-type plants. Our results highlight the existence of a NO-fixing pathway in plants. We demonstrated that plant non-symbiotic hemoglobin proteins can fix atmospheric NO and convert it to nitrate, which is further introduced into the N-metabolism. We assume that our results might provide new insights into the field of crop science research and that the NO-fixation capability might serve as a new economically important breeding trait for enhancing biomass, fruit, and seed production. Modifying this pathway might be a promising approach for better and more environment-friendly supply of nitrogen. For example crop plant hemoglobin proteins could be improved for their NO-fixing capability and their expression levels could be increased. WT-Arabidopsis thaliana plants were fumigated with Ambient NO and 3 ppm NO air in three completely independent biological experiments. Total RNA was isolated from four-week old rosette leaves of these plants to determine the gene expression signature of each samples using Agilent one-color microarray. Differences in the gene expression signatures between Ambient NO and 3 ppm NO treated samples were analyzed to see the effect of NO fumigation on the WT Arabidopsis plants at the transcript level.

Dataset Information

Ethylene-mediated nitric oxide depletion pre-adapts plants to hypoxia stress.

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Ethylene-mediated nitric oxide depletion pre-adapts plants to hypoxia stress.

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