Dataset Information

Trends in educational and wealth inequalities in adult tobacco use in Nepal 2001-2016: secondary data analyses of four Demographic and Health Surveys.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To measure trends in socioeconomic inequalities tobacco use in Nepal. SETTING:Adults interviewed during house-to-house surveys. PARTICIPANTS:Women (15-45 years) and men (15-49 years) surveyed in four Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys done in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016. OUTCOME MEASURE:Current tobacco use (in any form). RESULTS:The prevalence of tobacco use for men declined from 66% in 2001 to 55% in 2016, and declined from 29% to 8.4% among women. Across both education and wealth quintiles for both men and women, the prevalence of tobacco use generally declines with increasing education or wealth. We found persistently larger absolute inequalities by education than by wealth among men. Among women we also found larger educational than wealth-related gradients, but both declined over time. For men, the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) for education was larger than for wealth (44% vs 26% in 2001) and changed very little over time. For women, the SII for both education and wealth were similar in magnitude to men, but decreased substantially between 2001 and 2016 (from 44% to 16% for education; from 37% to 16% for wealth). Women had a larger relative index of inequality than men for both education (6.5 vs 2.0 in 2001) and wealth (4.8 vs 1.5 in 2001), and relative inequality increased between 2001 and 2016 for women (from 6.5 to 16.0 for education; from 4.8 to 12.0 for wealth). CONCLUSION:Increasing relative inequalities indicates suboptimal reduction in tobacco use among the vulnerable groups suggesting that they should be targeted to improve tobacco control.

SUBMITTER: Sreeramareddy CT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6731921 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Trends in educational and wealth inequalities in adult tobacco use in Nepal 2001-2016: secondary data analyses of four Demographic and Health Surveys.

Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T CT Harper Sam S

BMJ open 20190906 9

<h4>Objective</h4>To measure trends in socioeconomic inequalities tobacco use in Nepal.<h4>Setting</h4>Adults interviewed during house-to-house surveys.<h4>Participants</h4>Women (15-45 years) and men (15-49 years) surveyed in four Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys done in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016.<h4>Outcome measure</h4>Current tobacco use (in any form).<h4>Results</h4>The prevalence of tobacco use for men declined from 66% in 2001 to 55% in 2016, and declined from 29% to 8.4% among women. ...[more]

PMID: 31494612

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectiveSocioeconomic inequalities in child growth failure (CGF) remain one of the main challenges in Ethiopia. This study examined socioeconomic inequalities in CGF and determinants that contributed to these inequalities in Ethiopia.MethodsThe Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys 2000 and 2016 data were used in this study. A pooled unweighted sample of the two surveys yielded 21514 mother-child pairs (10873 in 2000 and 10641 in 2016). We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in CGF indicators using the concentration curve and concentration index (CI). We then decomposed the CI to identify percentage contribution of each determinant to inequalities.ResultsSocioeconomic inequalities in CGF have increased in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2016. The CI increased from -0.072 and -0.139 for stunting, -0.088 and -0.131 for underweight and -0.015 and -0.050 for wasting between 2000 and 2016, respectively. Factors that mainly contributed to inequalities in stunting included geographical region (49.43%), number of antenatal care visits (31.40%) and child age in months (22.20%) in 2000. While in 2016, inequality in stunting was contributed mainly by wealth quintile (46.16%) and geographical region (-13.70%). The main contributors to inequality in underweight were geographical regions (82.21%) and wealth quintile (27.21%) in 2000, while in 2016, wealth quintile (29.18%), handwashing (18.59%) and access to improved water facilities (-17.55%) were the main contributors. Inequality in wasting was mainly contributed to by maternal body mass index (-66.07%), wealth quintile (-45.68%), geographical region (36.88%) and paternal education (33.55%) in 2000, while in 2016, wealth quintile (52.87%) and urban areas of residence (-17.81%) were the main driving factors.ConclusionsThis study identified substantial socioeconomic inequalities in CGF, and factors that relatively contributed to the disparities. A plausible approach to tackling rising disparities may involve developing interventions on the identified predictors and prioritising actions for the most socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.

Project description:ObjectivesMonitoring and addressing unnecessary and avoidable differences in child vaccination is a critical global concern. This study aimed to assess socioeconomic inequalities in basic vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia.Design, setting and participantsSecondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the two most recent (2011 and 2016) Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys were performed. This analysis included 1930 mother-child pairs in 2011 and 2004 mother-child pairs in 2016.Outcome measuresCompletion of basic vaccinations was defined based on whether a child received a single dose of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), three doses of diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP), three doses of oral polio vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine.MethodsThe concentration Curve and Concentration Indices (CCIs) were used to estimate wealth related to inequalities. The concentration indices were also decomposed to examine the contributing factors to socioeconomic inequalities in childhood vaccination.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2016, the proportion of children who received basic vaccination increased from 24.6% (95% CI 21.4% to 28.0%) to 38.6% (95% CI 34.6% to 42.9%). While coverage of BCG, DTP and polio immunisation increased during the study period, the uptake of measles vaccine decreased. The positive concentration index shows that basic vaccination coverage was pro-rich (CCI=0.212 in 2011 and CCI=0.172 in 2016). The decomposition analysis shows that use of maternal health services such as family planning and antenatal care, socioeconomic status, exposure to media, urban-rural residence and maternal education explain inequalities in basic vaccination coverage in Ethiopia.ConclusionsChildhood vaccination coverage was low in Ethiopia. Vaccination was less likely in poorer than in richer households. Addressing wealth inequalities, enhancing education and improving maternal health service coverage will reduce socioeconomic inequalities in basic vaccination uptake in Ethiopia.

Project description:BackgroundMaternal and child health care services are available in both public and private facilities in Nepal. Studies have not yet looked at trends in maternal and child health service use over time in Nepal. This paper assesses trends in and determinants of visiting private health facilities for maternal and child health needs using nationally representative data from the last three successive Nepal Demographic Health Surveys (NDHS).MethodsData from the NDHS conducted in 2006, 2011, and 2016 were used. Maternal and child health-seeking was established using data on place of antenatal care (ANC), place of delivery, and place of treatment for child diarrhoea and fever/cough. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify trends in and determinants of health-seeking at private facilities.ResultsThe results indicate an increase in the use of private facilities for maternal and child health care over time. Across the three survey waves, women from the highest wealth quintile had the highest odds of accessing ANC services at private health facilities (AOR?=?3.0, 95% CI?=?1.53, 5.91 in 2006; AOR?=?5.6, 95% CI?=?3.51, 8.81 in 2011; AOR?=?6.0, 95% CI?=?3.78, 9.52 in 2016). Women from the highest wealth quintile (AOR?=?3.3, 95% CI?=?1.54, 7.09 in 2006; AOR?=?7.3, 95% CI?=?3.91, 13.54 in 2011; AOR?=?8.3, 95% CI?=?3.97, 17.42 in 2016) and women with more years of schooling (AOR?=?1.2, 95% CI?=?1.17, 1.27 in 2006; AOR?=?1.1, 95% CI?=?1.04, 1.14 in 2011; AOR?=?1.1, 95% CI?=?1.07, 1.16 in 2016) were more likely to deliver in private health facilities. Likewise, children belonging to the highest wealth quintile (AOR?=?8.0, 95% CI?=?2.43, 26.54 in 2006; AOR?=?6.4, 95% CI?=?1.59, 25.85 in 2016) were more likely to receive diarrhoea treatment in private health facilities.ConclusionsWomen are increasingly visiting private health facilities for maternal and child health care in Nepal. Household wealth quintile and more years of schooling were the major determinants for selecting private health facilities for these services. These trends indicate the importance of collaboration between private and public health facilities in Nepal to foster a public private partnership approach in the Nepalese health care sector.

Dataset Information

Trends in educational and wealth inequalities in adult tobacco use in Nepal 2001-2016: secondary data analyses of four Demographic and Health Surveys.

Publications

Trends in educational and wealth inequalities in adult tobacco use in Nepal 2001-2016: secondary data analyses of four Demographic and Health Surveys.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets