Dataset Information

Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:There is an increasing interest in finding less costly and burdensome alternatives to measuring population-level salt intake than 24-h urine collection, such as spot urine samples. However, little is known about their usefulness in developing countries like Fiji and Samoa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of spot urine samples to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa. METHODS:The study involved secondary analyses of urine data from cross-sectional surveys conducted in Fiji and Samoa between 2012 and 2016. Mean salt intake was estimated from spot urine samples using six equations, and compared with the measured salt intake from 24-h urine samples. Differences and agreement between the two methods were examined through paired samples t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient analysis, and Bland-Altman plots and analyses. RESULTS:A total of 414 participants from Fiji and 725 participants from Samoa were included. Unweighted mean salt intake based on 24-h urine collection was 10.58?g/day (95% CI 9.95 to 11.22) in Fiji and 7.09?g/day (95% CI 6.83 to 7.36) in Samoa. In both samples, the INTERSALT equation with potassium produced the closest salt intake estimate to the 24-h urine (difference of -?0.92?g/day, 95% CI -?1.67 to -?0.18 in the Fiji sample and?+?1.53?g/day, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.77 in the Samoa sample). The presence of proportional bias was evident for all equations except for the Kawasaki equation. CONCLUSION:These data suggest that additional studies where both 24-h urine and spot urine samples are collected are needed to further assess whether methods based on spot urine samples can be confidently used to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.

SUBMITTER: Santos JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6737719 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples.

Santos Joseph Alvin JA Rosewarne Emalie E Hogendorf Martyna M Trieu Kathy K Pillay Arti A Ieremia Merina M Naseri Leausa Toleafoa Take LTT Tukana Isimeli I Snowdon Wendy W Petersen Kristina K Webster Jacqui J

Nutrition journal 20190910 1

<h4>Background</h4>There is an increasing interest in finding less costly and burdensome alternatives to measuring population-level salt intake than 24-h urine collection, such as spot urine samples. However, little is known about their usefulness in developing countries like Fiji and Samoa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of spot urine samples to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.<h4>Methods</h4>The study involved secondary analyses of urine data from ...[more]

PMID: 31506072

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Project description:Background: Little is known about the capacity of overnight and spot urine samples to estimate changes in mean salt intake over time. The objective of this review was to compare the estimates of change in mean population salt intake based on 24-h urine and overnight/spot urine samples.Methods: Studies were systematically identified through searches of peer-reviewed databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and grey literature. Studies that reported estimates of mean salt intake for at least two time points based on both 24-h and overnight/spot urines were deemed eligible. The capacity of overnight/spot urine samples to estimate the change in mean salt intake was assessed both at the individual-study level and overall through random-effects meta-analyses. The level of heterogeneity was assessed through the I2 statistic. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore possible sources of heterogeneity, and check the robustness of the findings from the primary analysis.Results: A total of 1244 records were identified, 50 were assessed as full text, and 14 studies met the criteria, capturing data on 7291 participants from seven countries. Nine and five studies collected overnight and spot urines, respectively. The comparison of the change in mean salt intake between 24-h and overnight/spot urines showed some inconsistencies at the individual study-level. The pooled mean change in salt intake was -?0.43?g/day (95% CI -?1.16 to 0.30; I2 =?95%) using 24-h urines, and?-?0.22?g/day (-?0.65 to 0.20; I2 =?87%) using overnight/spot urines, with a pooled difference-in-differences between the two methods of 0.27?g/day (-?0.23 to 0.77; I2 =?89%). Subgroup analyses showed substantial heterogeneity for most subgroups. Sensitivity analyses did not change the effect observed in the primary analysis.Conclusion: The evidence for the capacity of overnight/spot urines to estimate changes in mean salt intake over time is uncertain. More research where overnight/spot urines are collected in parallel with 24-h urines is needed to enable a more in-depth evaluation of these alternative approaches to estimating change in mean salt intake.

Dataset Information

Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples.

Publications

Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples.

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