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Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 are cellular factors that limit hepatitis B virus replication.

ABSTRACT: Interferon (IFN)-? is able to stimulate many cellular genes and inhibit the replication of various viruses. However, it is unknown whether some IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) specifically inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Therefore, we attempted to identify ISGs with antiviral activities against HBV. Knockdown of IFN-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 (IFIT1 and IFIT2) in HepG2.2.15 led to markedly increased HBV replication. Consistently, this effect was verified by transient transfection with a replication-competent HBV clone in HepG2 and Huh7. However, IFN-? stimulation could override the knockdown by siRNAs and enhance the expression of IFIT1 and IFIT2, leading to reduced HBV replication. Silencing of IFIT1 or IFIT2 decreased the expression of the corresponding genes while other ISGs like MxA were not affected. Northern blot analysis showed that IFIT1 and IFIT2 knockdown slightly increased the levels of HBV 3.5, 2.4 and 2.1 kb transcripts, while IFIT1 and IFIT2 overexpression did not change their levels. Consistently, the reporter assays with HBV promoters demonstrated that IFIT1 and IFIT2 differentially but only modestly regulated HBV promoter activity. Thus, IFIT1 and IFIT2 contribute significantly to the regulation of HBV replication, likely at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional steps.

SUBMITTER: Pei R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6741538 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 are cellular factors that limit hepatitis B virus replication.

Pei Rongjuan R Qin Bo B Zhang Xiaoyong X Zhu Wandi W Kemper Thekla T Ma Zhiyong Z Trippler Martin M Schlaak Joerg J Chen Xinwen X Lu Mengji M

Journal of innate immunity 20130718 2

Interferon (IFN)-α is able to stimulate many cellular genes and inhibit the replication of various viruses. However, it is unknown whether some IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) specifically inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Therefore, we attempted to identify ISGs with antiviral activities against HBV. Knockdown of IFN-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 (IFIT1 and IFIT2) in HepG2.2.15 led to markedly increased HBV replication. Consistently, this effect was verified by ...[more]

PMID: 23867918

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Project description:HIV-1 does not persistently infect macaques due in part to restriction by several macaque host factors. This has been partially circumvented by generating chimeric SIV/HIV-1 viruses (SHIVs) that encode SIV antagonist of known restriction factors. However, most SHIVs replicate poorly in macaques unless they are further adapted in culture and/or macaques (adapted SHIVs). Therefore, development of SHIVs encoding HIV-1 sequences derived directly from infected humans without adaptation (unadapted SHIVs) has been challenging. In contrast to the adapted SHIVs, the unadapted SHIVs have lower replication kinetics in macaque lymphocytes and are sensitive to type-1 interferon (IFN). The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) in the chimeric virus determines both the reduced replication and the IFN-sensitivity differences. There is limited information on macaque restriction factors that specifically limit replication of the more biologically relevant, unadapted SHIV variants. In order to identify the IFN-induced host factor(s) that could contribute to the inhibition of SHIVs in macaque lymphocytes, we measured IFN-induced gene expression in immortalized pig-tailed macaque (Ptm) lymphocytes using RNA-Seq. We found 147 genes that were significantly upregulated upon IFN treatment in Ptm lymphocytes and 31/147 were identified as genes that encode transmembrane helices and thus are likely present in membranes where interaction with viral Env is plausible. Within this group of upregulated genes with putative membrane-localized proteins, we identified several interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) genes, including several previously uncharacterized Ptm IFITM3-related genes. An evolutionary genomic analysis of these genes suggests the genes are IFITM3 duplications not found in humans that are both within the IFITM locus and also dispersed elsewhere in the Ptm genome. We observed that Ptm IFITMs are generally packaged at higher levels in unadapted SHIVs when compared to adapted SHIVs. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Ptm IFITMs showed that depletion of IFITMs partially rescues the IFN sensitivity of unadapted SHIV. Moreover, we found that the depletion of IFITMs also increased replication of unadapted SHIV in the absence of IFN treatment, suggesting that Ptm IFITMs are likely important host factors that limit replication of unadapted SHIVs. In conclusion, this study shows that Ptm IFITMs selectively restrict replication of unadapted SHIVs. These findings suggest that restriction factors including IFITMs vary in their potency against different SHIV variants and may play a role in selecting for viruses that adapt to species-specific restriction factors.

Dataset Information

Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 are cellular factors that limit hepatitis B virus replication.

Publications

Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 are cellular factors that limit hepatitis B virus replication.

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