Dataset Information

Effector gene reshuffling involves dispensable mini-chromosomes in the wheat blast fungus.

ABSTRACT: Newly emerged wheat blast disease is a serious threat to global wheat production. Wheat blast is caused by a distinct, exceptionally diverse lineage of the fungus causing rice blast disease. Through sequencing a recent field isolate, we report a reference genome that includes seven core chromosomes and mini-chromosome sequences that harbor effector genes normally found on ends of core chromosomes in other strains. No mini-chromosomes were observed in an early field strain, and at least two from another isolate each contain different effector genes and core chromosome end sequences. The mini-chromosome is enriched in transposons occurring most frequently at core chromosome ends. Additionally, transposons in mini-chromosomes lack the characteristic signature for inactivation by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation genome defenses. Our results, collectively, indicate that dispensable mini-chromosomes and core chromosomes undergo divergent evolutionary trajectories, and mini-chromosomes and core chromosome ends are coupled as a mobile, fast-evolving effector compartment in the wheat pathogen genome.

SUBMITTER: Peng Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6741851 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effector gene reshuffling involves dispensable mini-chromosomes in the wheat blast fungus.

Peng Zhao Z Oliveira-Garcia Ely E Lin Guifang G Hu Ying Y Dalby Melinda M Migeon Pierre P Tang Haibao H Farman Mark M Cook David D White Frank F FF Valent Barbara B Liu Sanzhen S

PLoS genetics 20190912 9

Newly emerged wheat blast disease is a serious threat to global wheat production. Wheat blast is caused by a distinct, exceptionally diverse lineage of the fungus causing rice blast disease. Through sequencing a recent field isolate, we report a reference genome that includes seven core chromosomes and mini-chromosome sequences that harbor effector genes normally found on ends of core chromosomes in other strains. No mini-chromosomes were observed in an early field strain, and at least two from ...[more]

PMID: 31513573

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Project description:Transcriptional changes were monitored in the wheat cultivar Renan 24 hours post i noculation with adapted and non-adapted Magnaporthe isolates using the Affymetrix wheat genome array GeneChip®. Wheat plants cv. Renan were grown in a peat and sand (1:1) mix at 23 C in a Sanyo Fitotron growth cabinet (Sanyo Gallenkamp PLC, Loughborough, U.K.) with a 16/8 h, light/dark cycle. Three Magnaporthe isolates were used in this expt, two wheat-adapted isolates (BR32, BR37) and one wheat non-adapted isolate (BR29). Magnaporthe isolates were grown for eleven days on Complete Media Agar at 25 C under a 16/8h, light/dark cycle. Conidia were harvested by flooding the plates with 5 mL of sterile inoculation solution [0.25% (w/v) gelatine and 0.01% (v/v) Tween 20] and scraping the conidia from the surface using a sterile glass rod. Conidia were filtered through sterile miracloth and the density adjusted to 1 x 10 5 conidia mL-1 with inoculation solution. Fourteen day old wheat seedlings mist inoculated with 4 mL of a Magnaporthe conidia suspension and plants were sealed in plastic propagators to maintain relative humidity c.100% and kept at 25 C in the dark for the first 24 hours post inoculation (hpi). Inoculation solution without Magnaporthe conidia was used as a mock-inoculation control. Leaf samples were collected 24 hpi for transcriptomics analysis from three independent biological experiments. Leaf tissue was ground under liquid nitrogen and total RNA extracted using a QIAquick RNeasy Plant Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), followed by TURBO DNaseTM (Ambion, Texas, U.S.A.) treatment. RNeasy Mini Spin column purification (Qiagen) was used to further purify RNA samples for array hybridisation. RNA quality checks, cRNA conversion and Affymetrix genome array hybridisation was carried out by the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC) array hybridisation service (http://affymetrix.arabidopsis.info/). ****[PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Graham McGrann. The equivalent experiment is TA24 at PLEXdb.]

Dataset Information

Effector gene reshuffling involves dispensable mini-chromosomes in the wheat blast fungus.

Publications

Effector gene reshuffling involves dispensable mini-chromosomes in the wheat blast fungus.

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