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Typing of mecD Islands in Genetically Diverse Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus Strains from Cattle.

ABSTRACT: Macrococcus caseolyticus belongs to the normal bacterial flora of dairy cows and does not usually cause disease. However, methicillin-resistant M. caseolyticus strains were isolated from bovine mastitis milk. These bacteria had acquired a chromosomal island (McRI mecD -1 or McRI mecD -2) carrying the methicillin resistance gene mecD To gain insight into the distribution of McRI mecD types in M. caseolyticus from cattle, 33 mecD-containing strains from Switzerland were characterized using molecular techniques, including multilocus sequence typing, antibiotic resistance gene identification, and PCR-based McRI mecD typing. In addition, the same genetic features were analyzed in 27 mecD-containing M. caseolyticus strains isolated from bovine bulk milk in England/Wales using publicly available whole-genome sequences. The 60 strains belonged to 24 different sequence types (STs), with strains belonging to ST5, ST6, ST21, and ST26 observed in both Switzerland and England/Wales. McRI mecD -1 was found in different STs from Switzerland (n?=?19) and England/Wales (n?=?4). McRI mecD -2 was only found in 7 strains from Switzerland, all of which belonged to ST6. A novel island, McRI mecD -3, which contains a complete mecD operon (mecD-mecR1m-mecIm [where the subscript m indicates Macrococcus]) combined with the left part of McRI mecD -2 and the right part of McRI mecD -1, was found in heterogeneous STs from both collections (Switzerland, n?=?7; England/Wales, n?=?21). Two strains from England/Wales carried a truncated McRI mecD -3. Phylogenetic analyses revealed no clustering of strains according to geographical origin or carriage of McRI mecD -1 and McRI mecD -3. Circular excisions were also detected for McRI mecD -1 and McRI mecD -3 by PCR. The analyses indicate that these islands are mobile and may spread by horizontal gene transfer between genetically diverse M. caseolyticus strains.IMPORTANCE Since its first description in 2017, the methicillin resistance gene mecD has been detected in M. caseolyticus strains from different cattle sources and countries. Our study provides new insights into the molecular diversity of mecD-carrying M. caseolyticus strains by using two approaches to characterize mecD elements: (i) multiplex PCR for molecular typing of McRI mecD and (ii) read mapping against reference sequences to identify McRI mecD types in silico In combination with multilocus sequence typing, this approach can be used for molecular characterization and surveillance of M. caseolyticus carrying mecD.

SUBMITTER: Schwendener S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6752026 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Typing of mecD Islands in Genetically Diverse Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus Strains from Cattle.

Schwendener Sybille S Nigg Aurélien A Collaud Alexandra A Overesch Gudrun G Kittl Sonja S Phumthanakorn Nathita N Perreten Vincent V

Applied and environmental microbiology 20190917 19

Macrococcus caseolyticus belongs to the normal bacterial flora of dairy cows and does not usually cause disease. However, methicillin-resistant M. caseolyticus strains were isolated from bovine mastitis milk. These bacteria had acquired a chromosomal island (McRI mecD -1 or McRI mecD -2) carrying the methicillin resistance gene mecD To gain insight into the distribution of McRI mecD types in M. caseolyticus from ca ...[more]

PMID: 31375493

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Project description:Macrococcus caseolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently isolated from dairy products and veterinary infections. Recent studies have reported the possibility of methicillin resistance that be transferred among staphylococcal species in foods. The present study examined the population structure, antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and morphology of methicillin-resistant M. caseolyticus by investigation of 94 genomes derived from both isolates in beef (n = 7) and pork (n = 2) at Shanghai and those deposited in public domain (n = 85). Phylogenetically, M. caseolyticus were divided into four clades, which each consisted of genomes isolated from continent of European countries (82.4%, n = 78), Asian countries (11.3%, n = 10), United States (4.1%, n = 4), Australia (1%, n = 1), and Sudan (1%, n = 1). The M. caseolyticus isolated from present study formed a genetically distinguished clade, which was characterized by novel alleles in the traditional 7-gene MLST scheme. Furthermore, we identified 24 AMR genes that were associated with 10 classes of antimicrobial agents in M. caseolyticus. Most AMR genes were carried by dominant plasmids such as rep7a, rep22 and repUS56. The genomes in the global clades carried significantly less AMR genes (p < 0.05) and more virulence factors (p < 0.001) than present clade. Virulence factors were detected in methicillin resistant M. caseolyticus including genes coding hemolysin, adherence, biofilm formation, exotoxin, and capsule that associated to human health and infection. Finally, as the close relative of the genus Staphylococcus, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed for morphological comparison that M. caseolyticus has a larger diameter and thicker cell wall compared with S. aureus ATCC 25,923. Taken together, our study suggested that M. caseolyticus mediating divergent antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors could serve as the vector for methicillin resistance habitats in foodborne microorganisms.

Dataset Information

Typing of mecD Islands in Genetically Diverse Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus Strains from Cattle.

Publications

Typing of <i>mecD</i> Islands in Genetically Diverse Methicillin-Resistant <i>Macrococcus caseolyticus</i> Strains from Cattle.

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