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Improvement of Euglena gracilis Paramylon Production through a Cocultivation Strategy with the Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacterium Vibrio natriegens.

ABSTRACT: We investigated the putative effects on the growth and paramylon production of Euglena gracilis of cocultivation with Vibrio natriegens E. gracilis heterotrophically cocultivated with V. natriegens displayed significant increases in biomass productivity and paramylon content. In addition, the effects of the bacterial inoculum density and the timing of inoculation on the growth of E. gracilis were examined, to determine the optimal conditions for cocultivation. With the optimal deployment of V. natriegens, biomass productivity and paramylon content were increased by more than 20% and 35%, respectively, compared to those in axenic E. gracilis cultures. Interestingly, indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesized by V. natriegens was responsible for these enhancements of E. gracilis The morphology of cocultured E. gracilis cells was assessed. Paramylon granules extracted from the cocultivation were significantly larger than those from axenic culture. Our study showed that screening for appropriate bacteria and subsequent cocultivation with E. gracilis represented an effective way to enhance biomass and metabolite production.IMPORTANCE Euglena gracilis has attracted special interest due to its ability to excessively accumulate paramylon. Paramylon is a linear ?-1,3-glucan polysaccharide that is the principal polymer for energy storage in E. gracilis The polysaccharide features high bioactive functionality in the immune system. This study explored a new method to enhance the production of paramylon by E. gracilis, through cocultivation with the indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium Vibrio natriegens The enhanced production was achieved indirectly with the phytohormone-producing bacteria, instead of direct application of the hormone. The knowledge obtained in this study furthers the understanding of the effects of V. natriegens on the growth and physiology of E. gracilis.

SUBMITTER: Kim JY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6752030 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Improvement of Euglena gracilis Paramylon Production through a Cocultivation Strategy with the Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacterium Vibrio natriegens.

Kim Jee Young JY Oh Jeong-Joo JJ Jeon Min Seo MS Kim Gyu-Hyeok GH Choi Yoon-E YE

Applied and environmental microbiology 20190917 19

We investigated the putative effects on the growth and paramylon production of Euglena gracilis of cocultivation with Vibrio natriegensE. gracilis heterotrophically cocultivated with V. natriegens displayed significant increases in biomass productivity and paramylon content. In addition, the effects of the bacterial inoculum density and the timing of inoculation on the growth of E. gracilis were examined, to determine the optimal conditions for cocultivation. W ...[more]

PMID: 31324633

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Project description:Euglena gracilis is widely utilized as food or supplement to promote human and animal health, as it contains rich nutrients. In this study, we administered spray-dried powder of E. gracilis and paramylon, β-glucan stored in E. gracilis cells, to A4gnt knockout (KO) mice. A4gnt KO mice are a mutant mouse model that spontaneously develops gastric cancer through hyperplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in the antrum of the stomach, and we observed the effects of E. gracilis and paramylon on the early involvements of A4gnt KO mice. Male and female 10-week-old A4gnt KO mice and their age-matched wildtype C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 50 mg of E. gracilis or paramylon suspended in saline or saline as a control. After 3-week administration, animals were euthanatized and the stomach was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Gene expression patterns of the stomach, which have been reported to be altered with A4gnt KO, and IgA concentration in small intestine were also analyzed with real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Administration of Euglena significantly reduced the number of stimulated CD3-positive T-lymphocytes in pyloric mucosa of A4gnt KO mice and tend to reduce polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration. Euglena administration further downregulated the expression of Il11 and Cxcl1 of A4gnt KO mice. Euglena administration also affected IgA concentration in small intestinal contents of A4gnt KO mice. Paramylon administration reduced the number of CD3-positive lymphocytes in pyloric mucosa of A4gnt KO mice, and downregulated the expressions of Il11 and Ccl2 of A4gnt KO mice. Although we found no significant effects on gross and microscopic signs of gastric dysplasia and cell proliferation, the present study suggests that the administration of Euglena and paramylon may ameliorate the early involvements of A4gnt mice through the effects on inflammatory reactions in the gastric mucosa. The cancer-preventing effects should be studied with long-term experiments until actual gastric cancer formation.

Dataset Information

Improvement of Euglena gracilis Paramylon Production through a Cocultivation Strategy with the Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacterium Vibrio natriegens.

Publications

Improvement of Euglena gracilis Paramylon Production through a Cocultivation Strategy with the Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacterium Vibrio natriegens.

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