Dataset Information

Adherence to Mediterranean-style diet and risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.

ABSTRACT: Sepsis - syndrome of infection complicated by organ dysfunction - is responsible for over 750 000 hospitalisations and 200 000 deaths in the USA annually. Despite potential nutritional benefits, the association of diet and sepsis is unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (Med-style diet) and long-term risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. We analysed data from REGARDS, a population-based cohort of 30 239 community-dwelling adults age ?45 years. We determined dietary patterns from a baseline FFQ. We defined Med-style diet as a high consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish, cereal and low consumption of meat, dairy products, fat and alcohol categorising participants into Med-style diet tertiles (low: 0-3, moderate: 4-5, high: 6-9). We defined sepsis events as hospital admission for serious infection and at least two systematic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. We used Cox proportional hazard models to determine the association between Med-style diet tertiles and first sepsis events, adjusting for socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, and co-morbidities. We included 21 256 participants with complete dietary data. Dietary patterns were: low Med-style diet 32·0 %, moderate Med-style diet 42·1 % and high Med-style diet 26·0 %. There were 1109 (5·2 %) first sepsis events. High Med-style diet was independently associated with sepsis risk; low Med-style diet referent, moderate Med-style diet adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0·93 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·08), high Med-style diet adjusted HR=0·74 (95 % CI 0·61, 0·88). High Med-style diet adherence is associated with lower risk of sepsis. Dietary modification may potentially provide an option for reducing sepsis risk.

SUBMITTER: Gray MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6753832 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adherence to Mediterranean-style diet and risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.

Gray Marquita S MS Wang Henry E HE Martin Kimberly D KD Donnelly John P JP Gutiérrez Orlando M OM Shikany James M JM Judd Suzanne E SE

The British journal of nutrition 20181030 12

Sepsis - syndrome of infection complicated by organ dysfunction - is responsible for over 750 000 hospitalisations and 200 000 deaths in the USA annually. Despite potential nutritional benefits, the association of diet and sepsis is unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (Med-style diet) and long-term risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. We analysed data from REGARDS, a population- ...[more]

PMID: 30375291

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Project description:Albuminuria is an important risk factor for progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is more prevalent in black than white adults. We sought to determine the association between low income and albuminuria and whether this association differs for blacks and whites.Cross-sectional study.9,144 black and 13,684 white US adults 45 years and older in the population-based Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.Self-reported annual household income category (?$75,000, $35,000-$74,999, $20,000-$34,999, and <$20,000); black and white race.Albuminuria defined as high (30-300 mg/g) or very high (>300 mg/g) urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Multinomial logistic regression used to examine the race-stratified association between categories of income and albuminuria (normal, high, or very high ACR).Overall, geometric mean ACR was 10.2 mg/g and was higher for blacks (11.8 mg/g) than whites (9.3 mg/g), P<0.001. Lower income was associated with a higher prevalence of albuminuria for both whites and blacks in unadjusted analyses. After adjustment for demographics, lifestyle factors, comorbid illnesses, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, there was a trend toward a stronger association between lower income levels and high ACR in blacks (ORs of 1.38 [95% CI, 1.07-1.77], 1.36 [95% CI, 1.05-1.75], and 1.58 [95% CI, 1.21-2.05] for income levels of $35,000-$74,999, $20,000-$34,999, and <$20,000, respectively; reference group is those with income?$75,000) compared with whites (ORs of 0.95 [95% CI, 0.81-1.12], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.79-1.14], and 1.26 [95% CI, 1.02-1.55], respectively); P interaction=0.08 between race and income. Results were similar for very high ACR and subgroups of participants with diabetes or hypertension.Cross-sectional design; not all REGARDS participants provided their annual income.Lower income may be associated more strongly with albuminuria in blacks than whites and may be a determinant of racial disparities in albuminuria.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Claims-based algorithms are commonly used to identify sepsis in health services research because the laboratory features required to define clinical criteria may not be available in administrative data. METHODS:We evaluated claims-based sepsis algorithms among adults in the US aged ?65?years with Medicare health insurance enrolled in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Suspected infections from baseline (2003-2007) through December 31, 2012 were analyzed. Two claims-based algorithms were evaluated: (1) infection plus organ dysfunction diagnoses or sepsis diagnoses (Medicare-Implicit/Explicit) and (2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock Measure diagnoses (Medicare-CMS). Three classifications based on clinical criteria were used as standards for comparison: (1) the sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (REGARDS-SOFA), (2) "quick" SOFA (REGARDS-qSOFA), and (3) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention electronic health record criteria (REGARDS-EHR). RESULTS:There were 2217 suspected infections among 9522 participants included in the current study. The total number of suspected infections classified as sepsis was 468 for Medicare-Implicit/Explicit, 249 for Medicare-CMS, 541 for REGARDS-SOFA, 185 for REGARDS-qSOFA, and 331 for REGARDS-EHR. The overall agreement between Medicare-Implicit/Explicit and REGARDS-SOFA, REGARDS-qSOFA, and REGARDS-EHR was 77, 79, and 81%, respectively, sensitivity was 46, 53, and 57%, and specificity was 87, 82, and 85%. Comparing Medicare-CMS and REGARDS-SOFA, REGARDS-qSOFA, and REGARDS-EHR, agreement was 77, 87, and 85%, respectively, sensitivity was 27, 41, and 36%, and specificity was 94, 92, and 93%. Events meeting the REGARDS-SOFA classification had a lower 90-day mortality rate (140.7 per 100 person-years) compared with the Medicare-CMS (296.1 per 100 person-years), REGARDS-qSOFA (238.6 per 100 person-years), Medicare-Implicit/Explicit (219.4 per 100 person-years), and REGARDS-EHR classifications (201.8 per 100 person-years). CONCLUSION:Claims-based sepsis algorithms have high agreement and specificity but low sensitivity when compared with clinical criteria. Both claims-based algorithms identified a patient population with similar 90-day mortality rates as compared with classifications based on qSOFA and EHR criteria but higher mortality relative to SOFA criteria.

Project description:BackgroundLow adherence to antihypertensive medication is an important barrier to achieving blood pressure control. Few data are available for medication adherence in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Study designCross-sectional.Setting & participants3,936 and 9,129 participants with and without CKD using antihypertensive medication in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study, respectively. CKD was defined as albuminuria with albumin excretion>or=30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate<60 mL/min/1.73 m2.OutcomesMedication adherence and uncontrolled hypertension.MeasurementsMedication adherence was assessed using a validated 4-item scale. Blood pressure was measured 2 times by trained staff.ResultsIn REGARDS participants with and without CKD, 1,426 (36.2%) and 2,421 (26.5%) had uncontrolled hypertension with blood pressure>or=140/90 mm Hg, and 2,656 (67.5%) and 5,627 (61.6%), >or=130/80 mm Hg. Also, 27.7% of those with CKD and 27.9% of those without CKD responded "yes" to ever forgetting to take their medication and 4.4% and 4.2%, respectively, responded yes to being careless about taking their medication. Also, 5.7% and 5.3% responded yes to missing taking medication when they felt better, and 4.2% and 3.6%, to missing it when they felt sick. Overall, 23.3% and 23.7% of participants with and without CKD responded yes to 1 adherence question, whereas 7.7% and 7.2%, respectively, responded yes to 2 or more adherence questions. In those with CKD, the multivariable adjusted ORs for uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure>or=140/90 mm Hg) for individuals answering yes to 1 and 2 or more versus 0 adherence questions were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.51) and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.12-1.98), respectively. Analogous ORs for systolic/diastolic blood pressure>or=130/80 mm Hg were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.78-1.45) and 1.20 (95% CI, 0.88-1.64).LimitationsPharmacy fill data were not available.ConclusionsIndividuals with CKD had similarly poor medication-taking behaviors as those without CKD.

Dataset Information

Adherence to Mediterranean-style diet and risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.

Publications

Adherence to Mediterranean-style diet and risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.

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