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Definition of professionalism and tools for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice: a systemic review.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:In contemporary pharmacy, the role of pharmacists has become more multifaceted as they now handle a wider range of tasks and take more responsibility for care provision for patients than 20 years ago. Such an evolution in the pharmacist's responsibilities is accompanied by the need for pharmacists to display high-quality patient-centred care and counselling, and to demonstrate professionalism, which now needs to be taught and assessed are part of pharmacy education and practice. This workaimed at identifying definition of professionalism in pharmacy practice and critically evaluatingpublished instruments for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice. METHODS:We searched the medical literature listed in Scopus, Medline, andPsycINFOdatabasesfrom 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. All papers meeting our selection criteria, were reviewed and summarised into a clear review of professionalism requirements in pharmacy practice. Details of the instruments measuring professionalism were reviewed in detail. RESULTS:There is no accepted simple definition of professionalism, although we identified several theoretical and policy frameworks required for professional pharmaceutical practice. We identified 4 instruments (Behavioural Professionalism Assessment Instrument (BPAI), Lerkiatbundit's Instrument, Pharmacy Professionalism Instrument (PPI) and Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT) that build on these frameworks and measure professional practice in pharmacy students. These were found to be reliable and valid but had only been used and tested in student populations. CONCLUSION:Given the increasing role of community pharmacisits there is a need for assessment of professionalism in practice. Professionalism is a complex concept that is challenging to measure because it has no standardised definition and existing literature related to the topic is limited. Current instruments available focus on measuring the development of the elements of professionalism among pharmacy students rather than pharmacists.

SUBMITTER: Dubbai H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6755140 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Definition of professionalism and tools for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice: a systemic review.

Dubbai Huda H Adelstein Barbara-Ann BA Taylor Silas S Shulruf Boaz B

Journal of educational evaluation for health professions 20190821

<h4>Purpose</h4>In contemporary pharmacy, the role of pharmacists has become more multifaceted as they now handle a wider range of tasks and take more responsibility for care provision for patients than 20 years ago. Such an evolution in the pharmacist's responsibilities is accompanied by the need for pharmacists to display high-quality patient-centred care and counselling, and to demonstrate professionalism, which now needs to be taught and assessed are part of pharmacy education and practice. ...[more]

PMID: 31430841

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Project description:BackgroundOver the last three decades, various instruments were developed and employed to assess medical professionalism, but their measurement properties have yet to be fully evaluated. This study aimed to systematically evaluate these instruments' measurement properties and the methodological quality of their related studies within a universally acceptable standardized framework and then provide corresponding recommendations.MethodsA systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted to collect studies published from 1990-2015. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility, the articles included in this study were classified according to their respective instrument's usage. A two-phase assessment was conducted: 1) methodological quality was assessed by following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist; and 2) the quality of measurement properties was assessed according to Terwee's criteria. Results were integrated using best-evidence synthesis to look for recommendable instruments.ResultsAfter screening 2,959 records, 74 instruments from 80 existing studies were included. The overall methodological quality of these studies was unsatisfactory, with reasons including but not limited to unknown missing data, inadequate sample sizes, and vague hypotheses. Content validity, cross-cultural validity, and criterion validity were either unreported or negative ratings in most studies. Based on best-evidence synthesis, three instruments were recommended: Hisar's instrument for nursing students, Nurse Practitioners' Roles and Competencies Scale, and Perceived Faculty Competency Inventory.ConclusionAlthough instruments measuring medical professionalism are diverse, only a limited number of studies were methodologically sound. Future studies should give priority to systematically improving the performance of existing instruments and to longitudinal studies.

Project description:OBJECTIVES: To (1) investigate the relationships between students' characteristics and their (a) perceptions of research in general and (b) attitudes towards pharmacy practice research; (2) identify strategies that could be used by pharmacy educators to promote research interest in pharmacy practice; and (3) identify perceived barriers to the pursuit or completion of a pharmacy practice research degree. METHODS: A survey was administered to all students enrolled in each year of the four-year pharmacy undergraduate program, University of Sydney, Australia. Perceptions of research in general were measured using 4 items on a five-point semantic-differential scale and attitudes towards pharmacy practice research were measured using 16 items on a five-point Likert scale. Student characteristics were also collected as were responses to open-ended questions which were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: In total 853 students participated and completed the survey (83% response rate). Participants' characteristics were associated with some but not all aspects of research and pharmacy practice research. It appeared that positive attitudes and perspectives were influenced strongly by exposure to the 'research' process through projects, friends or mentors, previous degrees or having future intentions to pursue a research degree. Results from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest positive attitudes and perceptions of research can be nurtured through the formal inclusion in research processes, particularly the utility of practice research in clinical practice across the four years of study. Participants indicated there was a lack of awareness of the needs, benefits and career opportunities associated with pharmacy practice research and voiced clear impediments in their career path with respect to the choice of practice research-related careers. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should investigate changes in perceptions and attitudes in a single cohort over the four-year degree, other factors influencing students' perceptions and attitudes, and evaluate the effectiveness of research promoting strategies and programs.

Project description:BackgroundIn recent decades, there has been an interest in clinical pharmacy practice in Türkiye with emerging studies in this area. Despite the recent emergence of diverse pharmacy practice studies in Türkiye, a comprehensive assessment of overall typology of studies and impact has not been conducted thus far.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to document and assess pharmaceutical policy and practice literature published within the last 5 years in Türkiye. The other aim is to summarise the expected impact of published studies on policy and practice research.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines described in the PRISMA Statement. A comprehensive search approach, incorporating Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) queries and free-text terms was employed to locate pertinent literature related to pharmacy practice and policy in Türkiye. The search covered the period from January 1, 2019, to January 1, 2024, and involved electronic databases including PubMed, Medline Ovid, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, PlosOne, and BMC.ResultsIn the final grouping, 73 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. Among the quantitative studies, majority studies were cross-sectional survey studies. Through the rigorous thematic content analysis seven research domains were developed from the selected literature: drug utilisation and rational drug use, the emerging role of pharmacist, access to medicines and generic medicines, community pharmacy practice, pharmacovigilance/adverse drug reactions, and pharmacoeconomic studies.ConclusionsThe pharmacist role is evolving; however, several challenges remain in fully realising the potential of pharmacists. These include regulatory barriers, limited public awareness of pharmacists' expanded roles, workforce capacity issues, and the need for ongoing professional development and training. Research studies are needed in the areas of generic prescribing, medicine adherence, intervention studies in community and hospital pharmacy practice, and on pharmacoeconomics and pharmacovigilance.

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Definition of professionalism and tools for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice: a systemic review.

Publications

Definition of professionalism and tools for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice: a systemic review.

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