Dataset Information

Mode and Structure of the Bacterial Community on Human Scalp Hair.

ABSTRACT: Bacterial communities on various parts of the human body are distinct. We were the first to report the existence of a stable bacterial community on human scalp hair and demonstrated that an analysis of its structure by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is helpful for individual discrimination. However, the ecology of the bacterial community on human scalp hair has not yet been elucidated in detail. We herein investigated the mode, quantity, and phylogeny of bacterial communities on the human hair shaft and root and showed the results obtained from one representative individual. Direct SEM observations of hair, without a pretreatment, confirmed the ubiquitous presence of bacteria-like coccoids and rods on the shaft and root of hair from the human scalp, with 105-106 cells cm-2 of hair and 107 cells cm-2 of hair, respectively. These values corresponded to the 16S rRNA gene copy numbers obtained by qPCR. These numbers were not significantly affected by detergent washing. These results represented those obtained from many individuals with different hair lengths, ages, and gender. The major OTUs on the human scalp hair shaft and root were the same and included two species of Pseudomonas (phylum Proteobacteria), Cutibacterium and Lawsonella (phylum Actinobacteria), and Staphylococcus (phylum Firmicutes). These results suggest that major bacteria on the human hair shaft are indigenous and derived from the hair root.

SUBMITTER: Watanabe K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6759350 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Mode and Structure of the Bacterial Community on Human Scalp Hair.

Watanabe Kota K Nishi Eiji E Tashiro Yukihiro Y Sakai Kenji K

Microbes and environments 20190620 3

Bacterial communities on various parts of the human body are distinct. We were the first to report the existence of a stable bacterial community on human scalp hair and demonstrated that an analysis of its structure by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is helpful for individual discrimination. However, the ecology of the bacterial community on human scalp hair has not yet been elucidated in detail. We herein investigated the mode, quantity, and phylogeny of bacterial com ...[more]

PMID: 31217363

Similar Datasets

Project description:Canities (or hair greying) is an age-linked loss of the natural pigment called melanin from hair. While the specific cause(s) underlying the loss of melanogenically-active melanocytes from the anagen hair bulbs of affected human scalp remains unclear, oxidative stress sensing appears to be a key factor involved. In this study, we examined the follicular melanin unit in variably pigmented follicles from the aging human scalp of healthy individuals (22-70 years). Over 20 markers were selected within the following categories: melanocyte-specific, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair/damage, senescence and oxidative stress. As expected, a reduction in melanocyte-specific markers in proportion to the extent of canities was observed. A major finding of our study was the intense and highly specific nuclear expression of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein within melanocytes in anagen hair follicle bulbs. ATM is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks and functions as an important sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human cells. The incidence and expression level of ATM correlated with pigmentary status in canities-affected hair follicles. Moreover, increased staining of the redox-associated markers 8-OHdG, GADD45 and GP-1 were also detected within isolated bulbar melanocytes, although this change was not clearly associated with donor age or canities extent. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect any specific change in the expression of other markers of oxidative stress, senescence or DNA damage/repair in the canities-affected melanocytes compared to surrounding bulbar keratinocytes. By contrast, several markers showed distinct expression of markers for oxidative stress and apoptosis/differentiation in the inner root sheath (IRS) as well as other parts of the hair follicle. Using our in vitro model of primary human scalp hair follicle melanocytes, we showed that ATM expression increased after incubation with the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, this ATM increase was prevented by pre-incubation of cells with antioxidants. The relationship between ATM and redox stress sensing was further evidenced as we observed that the inhibition of ATM expression by chemical inhibition promoted the loss of melanocyte viability induced by oxidative stress. Taken together these new findings illustrate the key role of ATM in the protection of human hair follicle melanocytes from oxidative stress/damage within the human scalp hair bulb. In conclusion, these results highlight the remarkable complexity and role of redox sensing in the status of human hair follicle growth, differentiation and pigmentation.

Project description:Low level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been demonstrated to promote hair growth in males. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was undertaken to define the safety and physiologic effects of LLLT on females with androgenic alopecia.Forty-seven females (18-60 years old, Fitzpatrick I-IV, and Ludwig-Savin Baldness Scale I-2, I-3, I-4, II-1, II-2 baldness patterns) were recruited. A transition zone scalp site was selected; hairs were trimmed to 3?mm height; the area was tattooed and photographed. The active group received a "TOPHAT655" unit containing 21, 5?mW diode lasers (655?±?5?nm) and 30 LEDS (655?±?20?nm), in a bicycle-helmet like apparatus. The placebo group unit appeared identical, containing incandescent red lights. Patients treated at home every other day?×?16 weeks (60 treatments, 67?J/cm(2) irradiance/25?minute treatment, 2.9?J dose), with follow up and photography at 16 weeks. A masked 2.85?cm(2) photographic area was evaluated by another blinded investigator. The primary endpoint was the percent increase in hair counts from baseline.Forty-two patients completed the study (24 active, 18 sham). No adverse events or side effects were reported. Baseline hair counts were 228.2?±?133.4 (N?=?18) in the sham and 209.6?±?118.5 (N?=?24) in the active group (P?=?0.642). Post Treatment hair counts were 252.1?±?143.3 (N?=?18) in the sham group and 309.9?±?166.6 (N?=?24) in the active group (P?=?0.235). The change in hair counts over baseline was 23.9?±?30.1 (N?=?18) in the sham group and 100.3?±?53.4 (N?=?24) in the active group (P?<?0.0001). The percent hair increase over the duration of the study was 11.05?±?48.30 (N?=?18) for the sham group and 48.07?±?17.61 (N?=?24) for the active group (P?<?0.001). This demonstrates a 37% increase in hair growth in the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group.LLLT of the scalp at 655?nm significantly improved hair counts in women with androgenetic alopecia at a rate similar to that observed in males using the same parameters.

Dataset Information

Mode and Structure of the Bacterial Community on Human Scalp Hair.

Publications

Mode and Structure of the Bacterial Community on Human Scalp Hair.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets