Dataset Information

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

ABSTRACT: Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees???10?cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors.

SUBMITTER: Ter Steege H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6761143 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Ter Steege Hans H Henkel Terry W TW Helal Nora N Marimon Beatriz S BS Marimon-Junior Ben Hur BH Huth Andreas A Groeneveld Jürgen J Sabatier Daniel D Coelho Luiz de Souza LS Filho Diogenes de Andrade Lima DAL Salomão Rafael P RP Amaral Iêda Leão IL Matos Francisca Dionízia de Almeida FDA Castilho Carolina V CV Phillips Oliver L OL Guevara Juan Ernesto JE Carim Marcelo de Jesus Veiga MJV Cárdenas López Dairon D Magnusson William E WE Wittmann Florian F Irume Mariana Victória MV Martins Maria Pires MP Guimarães José Renan da Silva JRDS Molino Jean-François JF Bánki Olaf S OS Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez MTF Pitman Nigel C A NCA Mendoza Abel Monteagudo AM Ramos José Ferreira JF Luize Bruno Garcia BG Moraes de Leão Novo Evlyn Márcia EM Núñez Vargas Percy P Silva Thiago Sanna Freire TSF Venticinque Eduardo Martins EM Manzatto Angelo Gilberto AG Reis Neidiane Farias Costa NFC Terborgh John J Casula Katia Regina KR Honorio Coronado Euridice N EN Montero Juan Carlos JC Feldpausch Ted R TR Duque Alvaro A Costa Flávia R C FRC Arboleda Nicolás Castaño NC Schöngart Jochen J Killeen Timothy J TJ Vasquez Rodolfo R Mostacedo Bonifacio B Demarchi Layon O LO Assis Rafael L RL Baraloto Chris C Engel Julien J Petronelli Pascal P Castellanos Hernán H de Medeiros Marcelo Brilhante MB Quaresma Adriano A Simon Marcelo Fragomeni MF Andrade Ana A Camargo José Luís JL Laurance Susan G W SGW Laurance William F WF Rincón Lorena M LM Schietti Juliana J Sousa Thaiane R TR de Sousa Farias Emanuelle E Lopes Maria Aparecida MA Magalhães José Leonardo Lima JLL Mendonça Nascimento Henrique Eduardo HE Lima de Queiroz Helder H Aymard C Gerardo A GA Brienen Roel R Revilla Juan David Cardenas JDC Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães ICG Cintra Bruno Barçante Ladvocat BBL Stevenson Pablo R PR Feitosa Yuri Oliveira YO Duivenvoorden Joost F JF Mogollón Hugo F HF Araujo-Murakami Alejandro A Ferreira Leandro Valle LV Lozada José Rafael JR Comiskey James A JA de Toledo José Julio JJ Damasco Gabriel G Dávila Nállarett N Draper Freddie F García-Villacorta Roosevelt R Lopes Aline A Vicentini Alberto A Alonso Alfonso A Dallmeier Francisco F Gomes Vitor H F VHF Lloyd Jon J Neill David D de Aguiar Daniel Praia Portela DPP Arroyo Luzmila L Carvalho Fernanda Antunes FA de Souza Fernanda Coelho FC do Amaral Dário Dantas DD Feeley Kenneth J KJ Gribel Rogerio R Pansonato Marcelo Petratti MP Barlow Jos J Berenguer Erika E Ferreira Joice J Fine Paul V A PVA Guedes Marcelino Carneiro MC Jimenez Eliana M EM Licona Juan Carlos JC Peñuela Mora Maria Cristina MC Villa Boris B Cerón Carlos C Maas Paul P Silveira Marcos M Stropp Juliana J Thomas Raquel R Baker Tim R TR Daly Doug D Dexter Kyle G KG Huamantupa-Chuquimaco Isau I Milliken William W Pennington Toby T Ríos Paredes Marcos M Fuentes Alfredo A Klitgaard Bente B Pena José Luis Marcelo JLM Peres Carlos A CA Silman Miles R MR Tello J Sebastián JS Chave Jerome J Cornejo Valverde Fernando F Di Fiore Anthony A Hilário Renato Richard RR Phillips Juan Fernando JF Rivas-Torres Gonzalo G van Andel Tinde R TR von Hildebrand Patricio P Noronha Janaína Costa JC Barbosa Edelcilio Marques EM Barbosa Flávia Rodrigues FR de Matos Bonates Luiz Carlos LC Carpanedo Rainiellen de Sá RS Dávila Doza Hilda Paulette HP Fonty Émile É GómeZárate Z Ricardo R Gonzales Therany T Gallardo Gonzales George Pepe GP Hoffman Bruce B Junqueira André Braga AB Malhi Yadvinder Y Miranda Ires Paula de Andrade IPA Pinto Linder Felipe Mozombite LFM Prieto Adriana A Rodrigues Domingos de Jesus DJ Rudas Agustín A Ruschel Ademir R AR Silva Natalino N Vela César I A CIA Vos Vincent Antoine VA Zent Egleé L EL Zent Stanford S Weiss Albuquerque Bianca B Cano Angela A Carrero Márquez Yrma Andreina YA Correa Diego F DF Costa Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa JBP Flores Bernardo Monteiro BM Galbraith David D Holmgren Milena M Kalamandeen Michelle M Nascimento Marcelo Trindade MT Oliveira Alexandre A AA Ramirez-Angulo Hirma H Rocha Maira M Scudeller Veridiana Vizoni VV Sierra Rodrigo R Tirado Milton M Umaña Medina Maria Natalia MN van der Heijden Geertje G Vilanova Torre Emilio E Vriesendorp Corine C Wang Ophelia O Young Kenneth R KR Ahuite Reategui Manuel Augusto MA Baider Cláudia C Balslev Henrik H Cárdenas Sasha S Casas Luisa Fernanda LF Farfan-Rios William W Ferreira Cid C Linares-Palomino Reynaldo R Mendoza Casimiro C Mesones Italo I Torres-Lezama Armando A Giraldo Ligia Estela Urrego LEU Villarroel Daniel D Zagt Roderick R Alexiades Miguel N MN de Oliveira Edmar Almeida EA Garcia-Cabrera Karina K Hernandez Lionel L Palacios Cuenca Walter W Pansini Susamar S Pauletto Daniela D Ramirez Arevalo Freddy F Sampaio Adeilza Felipe AF Sandoval Elvis H Valderrama EHV Valenzuela Gamarra Luis L Levesley Aurora A Pickavance Georgia G Melgaço Karina K

Scientific reports 20190925 1

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only ...[more]

PMID: 31554920

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Project description:Extreme droughts have been recurrent in the Amazon over the past decades, causing socio-economic and environmental impacts. Here, we investigate the vulnerability of Amazonian forests, both undisturbed and human-modified, to repeated droughts. We defined vulnerability as a measure of (i) exposure, which is the degree to which these ecosystems were exposed to droughts, and (ii) its sensitivity, measured as the degree to which the drought has affected remote sensing-derived forest greenness. The exposure was calculated by assessing the meteorological drought, using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the maximum cumulative water deficit (MCWD), which is related to vegetation water stress, from 1981 to 2016. The sensitivity was assessed based on the enhanced vegetation index anomalies (AEVI), derived from the newly available Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction algorithm (MAIAC) product, from 2003 to 2016, which is indicative of forest's photosynthetic capacity. We estimated that 46% of the Brazilian Amazon biome was under severe to extreme drought in 2015/2016 as measured by the SPI, compared with 16% and 8% for the 2009/2010 and 2004/2005 droughts, respectively. The most recent drought (2015/2016) affected the largest area since the drought of 1981. Droughts tend to increase the variance of the photosynthetic capacity of Amazonian forests as based on the minimum and maximum AEVI analysis. However, the area showing a reduction in photosynthetic capacity prevails in the signal, reaching more than 400 000 km2 of forests, four orders of magnitude larger than areas with AEVI enhancement. Moreover, the intensity of the negative AEVI steadily increased from 2005 to 2016. These results indicate that during the analysed period drought impacts were being exacerbated through time. Forests in the twenty-first century are becoming more vulnerable to droughts, with larger areas intensively and negatively responding to water shortage in the region.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.

Project description:AIM: Conservation and land-use planning require accurate maps of patterns in species composition and an understanding of the factors that control them. Substantial doubt exists, however, about the existence and determinants of large-area floristic divisions in Amazonia. Here we ask whether Amazonian forests are partitioned into broad-scale floristic units on the basis of geological formations and their edaphic properties. LOCATION: Western and central Amazonia. METHODS: We used Landsat imagery and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation data to identify a possible floristic and geological discontinuity of over 300 km in northern Peru. We then used plant inventories and soil sampling to document changes in species composition and soil properties across this boundary. Data were obtained from 138 sites distributed along more than 450 km of road and river. On the basis of our findings, we used broad-scale Landsat and SRTM mosaics to identify similar patterns across western and central Amazonia. RESULTS: The discontinuity identified in Landsat and SRTM data corresponded to a 15-fold change in soil cation concentrations and an almost total change in plant species composition. This discontinuity appears to be caused by the widespread removal of cation-poor surface sediments by river incision to expose cation-rich sediments beneath. Examination of broad-scale Landsat and SRTM mosaics indicated that equivalent processes have generated a north-south discontinuity of over 1500 km in western Brazil. Due to similarities with our study area, we suggest that this discontinuity represents a chemical and ecological limit between western and central Amazonia. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that Amazonian forests are partitioned into large-area units on the basis of geological formations and their edaphic properties. The evolution of these units through geological time may provide a general mechanism for biotic diversification in Amazonia. These compositional units, moreover, may correspond to broad-scale functional units. The existence of large-area compositional and functional units would suggest that protected-area, carbon sequestration, and other land-use strategies in Amazonia be implemented on a region-by-region basis. The methods described here can be used to map these patterns, and thus enable effective conservation and management of Amazonian forests.

Dataset Information

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Publications

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

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