Dataset Information

Corytophanids Replaced the Pleurodont XY System with a New Pair of XY Chromosomes.

ABSTRACT: Almost all lizard families in the pleurodont clade share the same XY system. This system was meticulously studied in Anolis carolinensis, where it shows a highly degenerated Y chromosome and a male-specific X chromosome dosage compensation mechanism. Corytophanids (casque-headed lizards) have been proposed as the only family in the pleurodont clade to lack the XY system. In this study, we worked with extensive genomic and transcriptomic data from Basiliscus vittatus, a member of the Corytophanidae family that inhabits the tropical rainforests of Mexico. We confirmed that B. vittatus underwent a sex chromosome system turnover, which consisted in the loss of the pleurodont XY system and the gain of a new pair of XY chromosomes that are orthologous to chicken chromosome 17. We estimated the origin of the sex chromosome system to have occurred ?63?Ma in the ancestor of corytophanids. Moreover, we identified 12 XY gametologues with particular attributes, such as functions related to the membrane and intracellular trafficking, very low expression levels, blood specificity, and incomplete dosage compensation in males.

SUBMITTER: Acosta A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6761961 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Corytophanids Replaced the Pleurodont XY System with a New Pair of XY Chromosomes.

Acosta Armando A Suárez-Varón Gabriel G Rodríguez-Miranda Luis A LA Lira-Noriega Andrés A Aguilar-Gómez Diana D Gutiérrez-Mariscal Mariana M Hernández-Gallegos Oswaldo O Méndez-de-la-Cruz Fausto F Cortez Diego D

Genome biology and evolution 20190901 9

Almost all lizard families in the pleurodont clade share the same XY system. This system was meticulously studied in Anolis carolinensis, where it shows a highly degenerated Y chromosome and a male-specific X chromosome dosage compensation mechanism. Corytophanids (casque-headed lizards) have been proposed as the only family in the pleurodont clade to lack the XY system. In this study, we worked with extensive genomic and transcriptomic data from Basiliscus vittatus, a member of the Corytophanid ...[more]

PMID: 31557287

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Project description:UnlabelledThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a dynamic macromolecular organelle that many Gram-negative bacteria use to inhibit or kill other prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. The toxic effectors of T6SS are delivered to the prey cells in a contact-dependent manner. In Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, T6SS is active during intestinal infection. Here, we describe the use of comparative proteomics coupled with bioinformatics to identify a new T6SS effector-immunity pair. This analysis was able to identify all previously identified secreted substrates of T6SS except PAAR (proline, alanine, alanine, arginine) motif-containing proteins. Additionally, this approach led to the identification of a new secreted protein encoded by VCA0285 (TseH) that carries a predicted hydrolase domain. We confirmed that TseH is toxic when expressed in the periplasm of Escherichia coli and V. cholerae cells. The toxicity observed in V. cholerae was suppressed by coexpression of the protein encoded by VCA0286 (TsiH), indicating that this protein is the cognate immunity protein of TseH. Furthermore, exogenous addition of purified recombinant TseH to permeabilized E. coli cells caused cell lysis. Bioinformatics analysis of the TseH protein sequence suggest that it is a member of a new family of cell wall-degrading enzymes that include proteins belonging to the YD repeat and Rhs superfamilies and that orthologs of TseH are likely expressed by species belonging to phyla as diverse as Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.ImportanceThe Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a severe and often lethal diarrheal disease. The 2010-2012 epidemic in Haiti and new explosive epidemics in Africa show that cholera remains a significant global public health problem. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a dynamic organelle expressed by many Gram-negative bacteria, which use it to inject toxic effector proteins into eukaryotic and bacterial prey cells. In this study, we applied a comparative proteomics approach to the V. cholerae T6SS secretome to identify new substrates of this secretion apparatus. We show that the product of the gene VCA0285 is likely a new peptidoglycan hydrolase that is secreted by T6SS and that its cognate immunity protein is encoded by the gene that is immediately downstream (VCA0286). Bioinformatics analysis shows that VCA0285 carries four conserved motifs that likely define a large family of hydrolases with antibacterial activity. The identification of new antibacterial T6SS effectors provides useful information for the development of novel antibiotics and therapeutic agents.

Dataset Information

Corytophanids Replaced the Pleurodont XY System with a New Pair of XY Chromosomes.

Publications

Corytophanids Replaced the Pleurodont XY System with a New Pair of XY Chromosomes.

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