Dataset Information

Perceived health, medical, and psychiatric conditions in individual and dual-use of marijuana and nonprescription opioids.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Marijuana and nonprescription opioids remain the two most commonly used illicit substances in the United States. They have commonalities, yet the use of both at the same time may have a greater impact on psychological and health outcomes. Research is needed to determine whether dual-use is associated with more negative outcomes than individual substance use. METHOD:We used the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 (W1; N = 43,093), Wave 2 (W2; N = 34,653), and the more recent NESARC-III (N3; N = 36,171) to compare nonuse with use of marijuana, nonprescription opioids, or both. We examined perceived health, pain interference, pain-related medical conditions, psychiatric conditions, and suicidality. RESULTS:Individual use and dual-use were more common in N3 than in W1. W1 dual-use and nonprescription opioid-only use predicted worse outcomes for most variables prospectively and cross-sectionally, including pain interference and poorer general health. Associations between marijuana-only use and outcomes were not as strong; however, marijuana was associated with depression and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION:Nonprescription opioid use is concerning with dual-use predicting poorer perceived health and pain interference with work 3 years later along with strong relationships to suicidality and psychiatric conditions. Marijuana and nonprescription opioid dual-use is a possible treatment target. Substance interventions may be enhanced by addressing alternative pain care; chronic conditions; and/or psychiatric comorbidity. Differences in outcomes between substance use and nonuse were smaller recently in N3, particularly for marijuana use only. This may be due to increased access decreasing differences between those using and not using these drugs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

SUBMITTER: Frohe T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6764520 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Perceived health, medical, and psychiatric conditions in individual and dual-use of marijuana and nonprescription opioids.

Frohe Tessa T Beseler Cheryl L CL Mendoza Andres M AM Cottler Linda B LB Leeman Robert F RF

Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 20191001 10

<h4>Objective</h4>Marijuana and nonprescription opioids remain the two most commonly used illicit substances in the United States. They have commonalities, yet the use of both at the same time may have a greater impact on psychological and health outcomes. Research is needed to determine whether dual-use is associated with more negative outcomes than individual substance use.<h4>Method</h4>We used the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 (W1; N = 43,093 ...[more]

PMID: 31556663

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Project description:To test, among US students: (1) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana has changed over time, (2) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana changed post-passage of state medical marijuana laws (MML) compared with pre-passage; and (3) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana statistically mediates and/or modifies the relation between MML and marijuana use as a function of grade level.Cross-sectional nationally representative surveys of US students, conducted annually, 1991-2014, in the Monitoring the Future study.Surveys conducted in schools in all coterminous states; 21 states passed MML between 1996 and 2014.The sample included 1?134?734 adolescents in 8th, 10th and 12th grades.State passage of MML; perceived harmfulness of marijuana use (perceiving great or moderate risk to health from smoking marijuana occasionally versus slight or no risk); and marijuana use (prior 30 days). Data were analyzed using time-varying multi-level regression modeling.The perceived harmfulness of marijuana has decreased significantly since 1991 (from an estimated 84.0% in 1991 to 53.8% in 2014, P < 0.01) and, across time, perceived harmfulness was lower in states that passed MML [odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75-0.97]. In states with MML, perceived harmfulness of marijuana increased among 8th graders after MML passage (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08-1.36), while marijuana use decreased (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72-0.92). Results were null for other grades, and for all grades combined. Increases in perceived harmfulness among 8th graders after MML passage was associated with ~33% of the decrease in use. When adolescents were stratified by perceived harmfulness, use in 8th graders decreased to a greater extent among those who perceived marijuana as harmful.While perceived harmfulness of marijuana use appears to be decreasing nationally among adolescents in the United States, the passage of medical marijuana laws (MML) is associated with increases in perceived harmfulness among young adolescents and marijuana use has decreased among those who perceive marijuana to be harmful after passage of MML.

Project description:ImportanceThe number of states legalizing marijuana for medical and recreational use is increasing. Little is known regarding how or why adults with medical conditions use it.ObjectivesTo report the prevalence and patterns of marijuana use among adults with and without medical conditions, overall and by sociodemographic group, and to further examine the associations between current marijuana use and the types and number of medical conditions.Design, setting, and participantsThis survey study used a probability sample of US adults aged 18 years and older from the 2016 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone-administered survey that collects data from a representative sample of US adult residents across the states regarding health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services.Main outcomes and measuresCurrent (past month) and daily (?20 days in the last 30 days) marijuana use.ResultsThe study sample included 169?036 participants (95?780 female [weighted percentage, 52.0%]). Adults with medical conditions had higher odds of reporting current marijuana use than those without medical conditions (age 18-34 years: adjusted odds ratio,?1.8 [95% CI, 1.5-2.1]; age 35-54 years: adjusted odds ratio,?1.4 [95% CI, 1.2-1.7]; age ?55 years: adjusted odds ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-2.0]), especially among those with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, cancer, and depression. Among those with medical conditions, the prevalence of marijuana use decreased with increasing age, ranging from 25.2% (95% CI, 22.0%-28.3%) for those aged 18 to 24 years to 2.4% (95% CI, 2.0%-2.8%) for those aged 65 years or older for current marijuana use and from 11.2% (95% CI, 8.7%-13.6%) to 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.2%), respectively, for daily marijuana use. Most adults who used marijuana (77.5%; 95% CI, 74.7%-80.3%), either with or without medical conditions, reported smoking as their primary method of administration. Adults with medical conditions were more likely than those without medical conditions to report using marijuana for medical reasons (45.5% [95% CI, 41.1%-49.8%] vs 21.8% [95% CI, 17.8%-25.7%]; difference, 23.7% [95% CI, 17.8%-29.6%]) and less likely to report using marijuana for recreational purposes (36.2% [95% CI, 32.1%-40.3%] vs 57.7% [95% CI, 52.6%-62.9%]; difference, -21.5% [95% CI, -28.1% to 14.9%]).Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that marijuana use was more common among adults with medical conditions than those without such conditions. Notably, 11.2% of young adults with medical conditions reported using marijuana on a daily basis. Clinicians should screen for marijuana use among patients, understand why and how patients are using marijuana, and work with patients to optimize outcomes and reduce marijuana-associated risks.

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Dataset Information

Perceived health, medical, and psychiatric conditions in individual and dual-use of marijuana and nonprescription opioids.

Publications

Perceived health, medical, and psychiatric conditions in individual and dual-use of marijuana and nonprescription opioids.

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