Dataset Information

Self-Reported Long-Term Antiretroviral Adherence: A Longitudinal Study Among HIV Infected Pregnant Women in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

ABSTRACT: We evaluate the impact of a multi-session cognitive behavioral prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) intervention on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. A total of 683 women were enrolled into a randomized control trial conducted at twelve community health centres (CHCs) in Mpumalanga Province. Participants were randomized to Standard Care or Enhanced PMTCT Intervention (EI). EI received three group and three individual intervention sessions. EI impact was ascertained on ART adherence (baseline vs 12 months post-partum). Women in the intervention groups were less likely to remain stable with regards to ART adherence over time compared to the control groups. In predicting if women become adherent over time, the intervention condition had no impact. However, the intervention condition was significantly positively associated with change to non-adherence. The enhanced cognitive-behavioral PMTCT intervention did not show any improvement in relation to maternal ART adherence relative to standard PMTCT care.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: number NCT02085356.

SUBMITTER: Ramlagan S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6766468 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Self-Reported Long-Term Antiretroviral Adherence: A Longitudinal Study Among HIV Infected Pregnant Women in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Ramlagan Shandir S Rodriguez Violeta J VJ Peltzer Karl K Ruiter Robert A C RAC Jones Deborah L DL Sifunda Sibusiso S

AIDS and behavior 20190901 9

We evaluate the impact of a multi-session cognitive behavioral prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) intervention on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. A total of 683 women were enrolled into a randomized control trial conducted at twelve community health centres (CHCs) in Mpumalanga Province. Participants were randomized to Standard Care or Enhanced PMTCT Intervention (EI). EI received three group and three individual intervention sessions. EI impact was ascertained on ART adh ...[more]

PMID: 31228026

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Project description:BackgroundSouth Africa has a generalized and explosive HIV/AIDS epidemic with the largest number of people infected with HIV-1 in the world. Molecular investigations of HIV-1 diversity can help enhance interventions to contain and combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, many studies of HIV-1 diversity in South Africa tend to be limited to the major metropolitan centers and their surrounding provinces. Hardly any studies of HIV diversity have been undertaken in Mpumalanga Province, and this study sought to investigate the HIV-1 diversity in this province, as well as establish the occurrence and extent of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations.MethodsHIV-1 gag p24, pol p10 and p66/p51, pol p31 and env gp41 gene fragments from 43 participants were amplified and sequenced. Quality control on the sequences was carried out using the LANL QC online tool. HIV-1 subtype was preliminary assigned using the REGA 3.0 and jpHMM online tools. Subtype for the pol gene fragment was further designated using the SCUEAL online tool. Phylogenetic analysis was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood methods in MEGA version 6. HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance mutations were determined using the Stanford database.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood methods indicated that all sequences in the study clustered with HIV-1 subtype C. The exception was one putative subtype BC unique recombinant form. Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations K103N and E138A were also detected, indicating possible transmission of anti-retroviral drug resistance mutations.ConclusionsThe phylogenetic analysis of the HIV sequences revealed that, by 2009, patients in the Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga were predominantly infected with HIV-1 subtype C. However, the generalized, explosive nature of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, in the context of extensive mobility by South Africans who inhabit rural areas, renders the continued molecular monitoring and surveillance of the epidemic imperative.

Project description:There is little evidence comparing treatment outcomes between adolescents and other age groups, particularly in resource-limited settings. A retrospective analysis of data from seven HIV clinics across urban Gauteng (n=5) and rural Mpumalanga (n=2), South Africa was conducted. The analysis compared HIV-positive antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive young adolescents (10-14 years), older adolescents (15-19), and young adults (20-24 years) to adults (?25 years) initiated onto standard first-line ART between April 2004 and August 2010. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) of failure to suppress viral load (?400 copies/ml) or failure to achieve an adequate CD4 response at 6 or 12 months. The effect of age group on virological failure, mortality, and loss to follow-up (LTFU; ?90 days since scheduled visit date) was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Of 42,427 patients initiating ART, 310 (0.7%) were young adolescents, 342 (0.8%) were older adolescents, and 1599 (3.8%) were young adults. Adolescents were similar to adults in terms of proportion male, baseline CD4 count, hemoglobin, and TB. Compared to adults, both older adolescents (6 months RR 1.75 95% CI 1.25-2.47) and young adults (6 months RR 1.33 95% CI 1.10-1.60 and 12 months RR 1.64 95% CI 1.23-2.19) were more likely to have an unsuppressed viral load and were more likely to fail virologically (HR 2.90 95% CI 1.74-4.86; HR 2.94 95% CI 1.63-5.31). Among those that died or were LTFU, the median time from ART initiation until death or LTFU was 4.7 months (IQR 1.5-13.2) and 10.9 months (IQR 5.0-22.7), respectively. There was no difference in risk of mortality by age category, compared to adults. Young adolescents were less likely to be LTFU at any time period after ART initiation (HR 0.43 95% CI 0.26-0.69) whereas older adolescents and young adults were more likely to be LTFU after ART initiation (HR 1.78 95% CI 1.34-2.36; HR 1.63 95% CI 1.41-1.89) compared to adults. HIV-infected adolescents and young adults between 15 and 24 years have poorer ART treatment outcomes in terms of virological response, LTFU, and virological failure than adults receiving ART. Interventions are needed to help improve outcomes and retention in care in this unique population.

Dataset Information

Self-Reported Long-Term Antiretroviral Adherence: A Longitudinal Study Among HIV Infected Pregnant Women in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Publications

Self-Reported Long-Term Antiretroviral Adherence: A Longitudinal Study Among HIV Infected Pregnant Women in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

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