Dataset Information

Evaluation of the Influence of Raw Almonds on Appetite Control: Satiation, Satiety, Hedonics and Consumer Perceptions.

ABSTRACT: Snack foods can be substantial contributors to daily energy intake, with different types of snacks exerting potentially different effects on satiety per calorie consumed. The present research compared the effect of consuming almonds as a mid-morning snack compared to an energy and weight-matched comparator snack (savoury crackers) or the equivalent weight of water (zero energy control). In a crossover design, 42 female participants (age: 26.0 ± 7.9, BMI: 22.0 ± 2.0) consumed a fixed breakfast then a mid-morning snack. Appetite, 24-h energy intake, food hedonics, and consumer perceptions of the snack foods were assessed under laboratory conditions. AUC analyses revealed a lower overall hunger drive after consuming almonds compared to crackers or water. There was no difference in 24-h energy intake in the almond compared to the cracker or the zero-energy control condition, however participants consumed more energy in the cracker condition compared to the zero-energy control condition. In addition, almonds suppressed hedonic preference (implicit wanting) for consuming high-fat foods and demonstrated a higher satiety quotient (SQ) than crackers. Almonds were perceived to have a more favourable consumer profile aligned with successful weight management. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that in the context of a 24-h period of objectively measured energy intake, raw almonds are effective for controlling appetite compared to an energy matched alternative snack. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov [NCT02480582].

SUBMITTER: Hollingworth S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6769453 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of the Influence of Raw Almonds on Appetite Control: Satiation, Satiety, Hedonics and Consumer Perceptions.

Hollingworth Sophie S Dalton Michelle M Blundell John E JE Finlayson Graham G

Nutrients 20190830 9

Snack foods can be substantial contributors to daily energy intake, with different types of snacks exerting potentially different effects on satiety per calorie consumed. The present research compared the effect of consuming almonds as a mid-morning snack compared to an energy and weight-matched comparator snack (savoury crackers) or the equivalent weight of water (zero energy control). In a crossover design, 42 female participants (age: 26.0 ± 7.9, BMI: 22.0 ± 2.0) consumed a fixed breakfast th ...[more]

PMID: 31480245

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Project description:BackgroundIntestinal nutrient sensing regulates food intake and energy metabolism by acting locally and relaying nutritional status to the brain. It is unclear whether these mechanisms are altered in obese humans.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate differences in duodenal nutrient sensing in humans with or without obesity and the effects of transiently blocking vagal transmission on nutrient sensing, hunger, and appetite.MethodsIn a single-blinded, randomized, cross-over design, subjects with or without obesity (n = 14 and n = 11, respectively) were infused intraduodenally with saline or a combination of glucose and oleic acid for 90 min (glucose load: 22.5 g, 1 kcal/min; oleic acid load: 10 g, 1 kcal/min) in the presence or absence of local anesthetic (benzocaine). Blood was sampled at 10-min intervals (120-240 min) and 15-min intervals until termination of the study for measurements of gut hormones, insulin, leptin, and C-peptide. Hunger and satiety sensations were scored using the visual analog scale, and hepatic glucose production and glucose oxidation rates were measured.ResultsDuodenal nutrient infusion in lean subjects led to a 65% drop in acyl ghrelin release and robustly increased cholecystokinin 8 (CCK-8) release (65%; P = 0.023); benzocaine infusion delayed this response (2-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance, P = 0.0065). In contrast, subjects with obesity had significantly blunted response to nutrient infusion, and no further effects were observed with benzocaine. Additionally, significant delays were observed in peptide YY (3-36), pancreatic polypeptide, glucose inhibitory peptide, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36) response. No significant interactions were found between body mass index (BMI) or baseline hormone levels and areas under the curve for hormones except CCK-8 (BMI, P = 0.018; baseline CCK, P = 0.013). Nutrient-induced hunger and satiety sensations were impeded by benzocaine only in the lean cohort. Hunger and satiety sensations in subjects with obesity were not responsive to nutrient entry into the duodenum, and no additional effects were observed by blocking neural signaling.ConclusionNutrient-induced gut hormone release and response to transient vagal blockade are significantly blunted in subjects with obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.org as NCT02537314.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of the Influence of Raw Almonds on Appetite Control: Satiation, Satiety, Hedonics and Consumer Perceptions.

Publications

Evaluation of the Influence of Raw Almonds on Appetite Control: Satiation, Satiety, Hedonics and Consumer Perceptions.

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