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Potential Oral Health Care Agent from Coffee Against Virulence Factor of Periodontitis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Coffee is a major dietary source of polyphenols. Previous research found that coffee had a protective effect on periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether coffee extract and its primary phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid, affect the growth and protease activity of a periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). METHODS:Coffee extract and chlorogenic acid were prepared by a two-fold serial dilution. The turbid metric test and plate count method were used to examine the inhibitory effects of chlorogenic acid on P. gingivalis. The time-kill assay was used to measure changes in the viability of P. gingivalis after exposure to chlorogenic acid for 0-24 h. The protease activity of P. gingivalis was analyzed using the optical density of a chromogenic substrate. RESULTS:As a result, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorogenic acid was 4 mg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 16 mg/mL. Chlorogenic acid at concentrations above MIC resulted in a longer-lasting inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis viability and significantly reduced associated protease activity. The coffee extract showed antibacterial activity as observed by the disk diffusion test, whereas these inhibitory effects were not affected by different roast degrees of coffee. CONCLUSIONS:Collectively, our novel findings indicate that chlorogenic acid not only has antimicrobial activity but also reduced the protease activity of P. gingivalis. In addition, coffee extract inhibits the proliferation of P. gingivalis, which may partly be attributed to the effect of chlorogenic acid.

SUBMITTER: Tsou SH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6769475 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Potential Oral Health Care Agent from Coffee Against Virulence Factor of Periodontitis.

Tsou Sing-Hua SH Hu Suh-Woan SW Yang Jaw-Ji JJ Yan Min M Lin Yuh-Yih YY

Nutrients 20190916 9

<h4>Background</h4>Coffee is a major dietary source of polyphenols. Previous research found that coffee had a protective effect on periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether coffee extract and its primary phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid, affect the growth and protease activity of a periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis).<h4>Methods</h4>Coffee extract and chlorogenic acid were prepared by a two-fold serial dilution. The turbid metric test and plate co ...[more]

PMID: 31527555

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Project description:Periodontitis is a chronic and multifactorial inflammatory disease that can lead to tooth loss. At present, the diagnosis for periodontitis is primarily based on clinical examination and radiographic parameters. Detecting the periodontal pathogens at the subgingival plaque requires skilled professionals to collect samples. Periodontal pathogens are also detected on various mucous membranes in patients with periodontitis. In this study, we characterized the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space in a total of 272 healthy subjects as a control group, and periodontitis patients as a disease group. We identified 13 phyla, 193 genera, and 527 species and determined periodontitis-associated taxa. Porphyromonasgingivalis, Tannerellaforsythia, Treponemadenticolar, Filifactoralocis, Porphyromonasendodontalis, Fretibacteriumfastiosum and Peptostreptococcus species were significantly increased in both the buccal mucosa and the supragingival space in periodontitis patients. The identified eight periodontitis-associated bacterial species were clinically validated in an independent cohort. We generated the prediction model based on the oral microbiome profiles using five machine learning algorithms, and validated its capability in predicting the status of patients with periodontitis. The results showed that the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space can represent the microbial composition of subgingival plaque and further be utilized to identify potential microbial biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Besides, bacterial community interaction network analysis found distinct patterns associated with dysbiosis in periodontitis. In summary, we have identified oral bacterial species from buccal and supragingival sites which can predict subgingival bacterial composition and can be used for early diagnosis of periodontitis. Therefore, our study provides an important basis for developing easy and noninvasive methods to diagnose and monitor periodontitis.

Project description:This study compared the subgingival microbiota of subjects with refractory periodontitis (RP) to those in subjects with treatable periodontitis (GRs = good responders) or periodontal health (PH) using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM).At baseline, subgingival plaque samples were taken from 47 subjects with periodontitis and 20 individuals with PH and analyzed for the presence of 300 species by HOMIM. The subjects with periodontitis were classified as having RP (n = 17) based on mean attachment loss (AL) and/or more than three sites with AL >or=2.5 mm after scaling and root planing, surgery, and systemically administered amoxicillin and metronidazole or as GRs (n = 30) based on mean attachment gain and no sites with AL >or=2.5 mm after treatment. Significant differences in taxa among the groups were sought using the Kruskal-Wallis and chi(2) tests.More species were detected in patients with disease (GR or RP) than in those without disease (PH). Subjects with RP were distinguished from GRs or those with PH by a significantly higher frequency of putative periodontal pathogens, such as Parvimonas micra (previously Peptostreptococcus micros or Micromonas micros), Campylobacter gracilis, Eubacterium nodatum, Selenomonas noxia, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella spp., Treponema spp., and Eikenella corrodens, as well as unusual species (Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, TM7 spp. oral taxon [OT] 346/356, Bacteroidetes sp. OT 272/274, Solobacterium moorei, Desulfobulbus sp. OT 041, Brevundimonas diminuta, Sphaerocytophaga sp. OT 337, Shuttleworthia satelles, Filifactor alocis, Dialister invisus/pneumosintes, Granulicatella adiacens, Mogibacterium timidum, Veillonella atypica, Mycoplasma salivarium, Synergistes sp. cluster II, and Acidaminococcaceae [G-1] sp. OT 132/150/155/148/135) (P <0.05). Species that were more prevalent in subjects with PH than in patients with periodontitis included Actinomyces sp. OT 170, Actinomyces spp. cluster I, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Cardiobacterium hominis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Lautropia mirabilis, Propionibacterium propionicum, Rothia dentocariosa/mucilaginosa, and Streptococcus sanguinis (P <0.05).As determined by HOMIM, patients with RP presented a distinct microbial profile compared to patients in the GR and PH groups.

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Potential Oral Health Care Agent from Coffee Against Virulence Factor of Periodontitis.

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Potential Oral Health Care Agent from Coffee Against Virulence Factor of Periodontitis.

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