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Purified ?-glucans of Different Molecular Weights Enhance Growth Performance of LPS-challenged Piglets via Improved Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated ?-glucan derived from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 with high (2000 kDa) and low (300 kDa) molecular weight (MW) to compare their effects on growth performance and gut function in LPS-induced weaned piglets. Changes in jejunal morphology, mucosal barrier function, microbial populations, and fermentation in the piglets were determined. Data showed that ?-glucan prevented body weight loss in LPS challenged piglets. Supplementation with both ?-glucan fractions improved jejunal morphology. Compared to low MW, ?-glucan of high MW generally up-regulated transcripts of ZO-1, MUC1, and MUC2 in jejunal mucosa to a lesser extent. Mucosal D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and anti-oxidation index were effectively resumed in ?-glucan treatment. Both ?-glucan diets provoked the emergence of a balanced microbiota and a richer concentration of volatile fatty acids in the colon. The richest community of bifidobacterium and concentration of butyrate emerged after feeding ?-glucan with high MW. Results suggested that the effect of Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 ?-glucans on the gut-modulatory function is largely linked to their MW. Low MW ?-glucan mainly improved the mucosal barrier function in the jejunum, while high MW ?-glucan had profound effects on the microbial community and fermentation in the hindgut of piglets.

SUBMITTER: Luo J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6770163 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Purified β-glucans of Different Molecular Weights Enhance Growth Performance of LPS-challenged Piglets via Improved Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota.

Luo Junqiu J Chen Daiwen D Mao Xiangbing X He Jun J Yu Bing B Cheng Long L Zeng Dafu D

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20190824 9

This study investigated β-glucan derived from <i>Agrobacterium</i> sp. ZX09 with high (2000 kDa) and low (300 kDa) molecular weight (MW) to compare their effects on growth performance and gut function in LPS-induced weaned piglets. Changes in jejunal morphology, mucosal barrier function, microbial populations, and fermentation in the piglets were determined. Data showed that β-glucan prevented body weight loss in LPS challenged piglets. Supplementation with both β-glucan fractions improved jejun ...[more]

PMID: 31450592

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Project description:Bacterial infections are among the major factors that cause stress and intestinal diseases in piglets. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane, is commonly employed for inducing an immune response in normal organisms for convenience. The association between LPS stimulation and gut immunity has been reported. However, the effects of gut immunity on microbial homeostasis and metabolism of host, especially bile acid and lipid metabolism in piglets, remain unclear. Hence, in the current study, we elucidated the effect of gut immunity on microbial balance and host metabolism. Twenty-one-day-old healthy piglets (male) were randomly assigned into the CON and LPS groups. After 4 hours of treatment, related tissues and cecal contents were obtained for further analysis. The obtained results showed that stimulated LPS considerably damaged the morphology of intestinal villi and enhanced the relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Besides, LPS partially changed the microbial structure as indicated by β-diversity and increased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Oxalobacter and Ileibacterium. Furthermore, bile acid, a large class of gut microbiota metabolites, was also assessed by many proteins related to the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. It was also revealed that LPS markedly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of TGR5 and FXR (bile acid receptors) in the ileum, which expressed negative feedback on bile acid de novo synthesis. Additionally, results indicated upregulated mRNA of genes associated with the production of bile acid in the liver tissues. Moreover, LPS reduced the expression of bile acid transporters in the ileum and liver tissues and further disturbed the normal enterohepatic circulation. Taken together, gut immunity and microbial dysbiosis are associated with altered bile acid metabolism in LPS-challenged piglets, which provided theoretical basis for revealing the potential mechanism of intestinal inflammation in swine and seeking nutrients to resist intestinal damage.

Project description:Background:Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal disease in piglets. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an active plant phenolic acid which exists in Chinese herb, Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), and is also considered as the main bioactive metabolite of polyphenol against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods:Thirty-six piglets (Pig Improvement Company line 337?×?C48, 28 d of age, 8.87?kg?±?0.11?kg BW) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments and fed with a basal diet (CTL), a diet added 50?mg/kg of aureomycin (AUR), or a diet supplemented with 4000?mg/kg of PCA, respectively. The piglets were challenged with LPS (10??g/kg BW) on d 14 and d 21 by intraperitoneal injection during the 21-d experiment. Animals (n?=?6 from each group) were sacrificed after being anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital at 2?h after the last injection of LPS. The serum was collected for antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines analysis, the ileum was harvested for detecting mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins by PCR and immunohistochemical staining, and the cecum chyme was collected for intestinal flora analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results:Dietary supplementation of PCA or AUR significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and claudin-1 in intestinal mucosa, and decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-6, as compared with CTL group. In addition, PCA also decreased the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-? (P?<?0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that PCA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P?<?0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis at the genus level revealed that PCA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 9, Prevotella 2, Holdemanella, and Ruminococcus torques group (P?<?0.05), and increased the relative abundance of Roseburia and Desulfovibrio (P?<?0.05), whereas AUR had no significant effect on these bacteria. Conclusions:These results demonstrated that both PCA and AUR had protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with LPS, and PCA potentially exerted the protective function by modulating intestinal flora in a way different from AUR. Holdemanella:

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Dataset Information

Purified ?-glucans of Different Molecular Weights Enhance Growth Performance of LPS-challenged Piglets via Improved Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota.

Publications

Purified β-glucans of Different Molecular Weights Enhance Growth Performance of LPS-challenged Piglets via Improved Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota.

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