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Diet Diversity and Micronutrient Adequacy among Filipino School-Age Children.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that the dietary diversity of young Filipino children to be limited and that the prevalence of nutrient inadequacies is high. This study extends the current knowledge to examine the relationship between diet diversity and the probability of adequacy of micronutrients among Filipino schoolchildren (aged 6 to 12 years), by the wealth status and dwelling location. The dietary intake data were collected using a single 24-h recall from 6460 children in the Filipino National Nutrition Survey 2013. The diet diversity score (DDS) and the probability of adequacies (PA) of 11 micronutrients were calculated, and further stratified by socio-economic status (SES) and dwelling location. The diet diversity was generally low (mean DDS = 4 out of 9). Children from the lowest SES, and living in rural areas, tended to have a lower DDS. Children with a DDS of 1 were likely to be inadequate in all 11 micronutrients. The higher DDS (?6) was associated with higher PAs for the B vitamins but not for calcium, folate, iron, vitamin A and to large extent, vitamin C. This suggests that it was difficult for this population to achieve adequacy in these 5 micronutrients. More rigorous research on the topic is needed. Better access to nutrient-rich or fortified staple foods, in tandem with increased education on the importance of dietary diversity, are potential strategies to support children in achieving adequate micronutrient intakes.

SUBMITTER: Mak TN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6770711 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diet Diversity and Micronutrient Adequacy among Filipino School-Age Children.

Mak Tsz-Ning TN Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda I Lenighan Yvonne M YM Capanzana Mario V MV Montoliu Ivan I

Nutrients 20190912 9

Previous studies have shown that the dietary diversity of young Filipino children to be limited and that the prevalence of nutrient inadequacies is high. This study extends the current knowledge to examine the relationship between diet diversity and the probability of adequacy of micronutrients among Filipino schoolchildren (aged 6 to 12 years), by the wealth status and dwelling location. The dietary intake data were collected using a single 24-h recall from 6460 children in the Filipino Nationa ...[more]

PMID: 31547317

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Project description:BackgroundMigration has an influence on health behavior and food intake. Dietary variety is a key component to high-quality diets because a single food item does not contain a variety of nutrients and may not reflect nutritional adequacy. We aimed to compare the dietary diversity scores (DDS), food variety scores (FVS), and nutrient adequacy levels of married Filipino immigrant women in Korea to those of Korean women.MethodsWe matched the data of 474 participants aged 20-57 years from the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL) by age category with those of married Korean women randomly selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Dietary information in FiLWHEL and KNHANES were assessed through the 24-hour recall method. We calculated the DDS by summing the number of eleven food groups consumed (DDS 10 g if they consumed at least 10 g/day; DDS all if they consumed any amount) and the FVS by counting the number of food items consumed. For nutrient adequacy, we calculated the probability of adequacy (PA) and intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR).ResultsFilipino women had a lower DDS and FVS in comparison to Korean women. The means (±SDs) of DDS 10 g, DDS all, and FVS for Filipino women versus Korean women were 6.0 (±1.6) versus 6.8 (±1.5) (p < 0.001), 6.7 (±1.7) versus 7.9 (±1.4) (p < 0.001) and 9.2 (±3.3) versus 14.7 (±4.9) (p < 0.001), respectively. When we compared each food group, the intakes of fish, other seafood, legumes/seeds/nuts, eggs, vegetables, and fruits were lower for Filipino women than for Korean women. The mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of nutrient intake of the nine selected nutrients was lower for Filipino women in comparison to Korean women. The mean (±SD) was 0.55 (±0.28) versus 0.66 (±0.26), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings showed that married Filipino immigrant women in Korea had lower dietary variety scores in comparison to Korean women. This was reflected in their nutritional adequacy. Nutrition education focusing on the promotion of eating a variety of foods may be needed for Filipino immigrant women in Korea.

Project description:Background and objectivesDietary diversity score (DDS) is relatively easy to measure and is shown to be a very useful indicator of the probability of adequate micronutrient intake. Dietary diversity, however, is usually assessed during a single period and little is known about the effect of seasonality on it. This study investigates whether dietary diversity is influenced by seasonality.MethodsTwo cross-sectional surveys were conducted in two different seasons-dry season (October 2010) and rainy season (May 2011) among the same school-age children (SAC) in two rural schools in northern Ghana. The study population consisted of 228 school-age children. A qualitative 24-hour dietary recall was conducted in both seasons. Based on 13 food groups, a score of 1 was given if a child consumed a food item belonging to a particular food group, else 0. Individual scores were aggregated into DDS for each child. Differences in mean DDS between seasons were compared using linear mixed model analysis.ResultsThe dietary pattern of the SAC was commonly plant foods with poor consumption of animal source foods. The mean DDS was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the rainy season (6.95 ± 0.55) compared to the dry season (6.44 ± 0.55) after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, occupation (household head and mother) and education of household head. The difference in mean DDS between dry and rainy seasons was mainly due to the difference in the consumption of Vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables between the seasons. While vitamin A-rich fruits (64.0% vs. 0.9%; P < 0.0001) and vitamin A rich dark green leafy vegetables (52.6% vs. 23.3%, P < .0001) were consumed more during the rainy season than the dry season, more children consumed vitamin A-rich deep yellow, orange and red vegetables during the dry season than during the rainy season (73.7% vs. 36.4%, P <0.001).ConclusionSeasonality has an effect on DDS and may affect the quality of dietary intake of SAC; in such a context, it would be useful to measure DDS in different seasons. Since DDS is a proxy indicator of micronutrient intake, the difference in DDS may reflect in seasonal differences in dietary adequacy and further studies are needed to establish this.

Dataset Information

Diet Diversity and Micronutrient Adequacy among Filipino School-Age Children.

Publications

Diet Diversity and Micronutrient Adequacy among Filipino School-Age Children.

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