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An observational study to examine how cumulative impact zones influence alcohol availability from different types of licensed outlets in an inner London Borough.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:Cumulative impact zones (CIZs) are a widely implemented local policy intended to restrict alcohol availability in areas proliferated with licensed outlets. Limited previous research has questioned their effectiveness and suggested they may play a more nuanced role in shaping local alcohol environments. This study evaluates the association between CIZ implementation and the number of licence applications made, and the number issued, relative to a control region. DESIGN:A quantitative observational study. SETTING:The inner London Borough of Southwark, which currently enforces three CIZs. POPULATION:Licence applications received by Southwark Council's Licensing Authority between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2017 (n=1254). INTERVENTIONS:CIZ implementation. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Five outlet types were categorised and evaluated: drinking establishments, eateries, takeaways, off sales and other outlets. Primary outcome measures were the number of applications received and the number of licences issued. These were analysed using Poisson regression of counts over time. RESULTS:Across all CIZs, implementation was associated with greater increases in the number of eateries in CIZ regions (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.58, 95% CI: 1.02-2.45, p=0.04) and number of takeaway venues (IRR=3.89, 95% CI: 1.32-11.49, p=0.01), relative to the control area. No discernible association was found for the remaining outlet types. Disaggregating by area indicated a 10-fold relative increase in the number of new eateries in Peckham CIZ (IRR=10.38, 95% CI: 1.39-77.66, p=0.02) and a fourfold relative increase in the number of newly licensed takeaways in Bankside CIZ (IRR=4.38, 95% CI: 1.20-15.91, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS:CIZs may be useful as policy levers to shape local alcohol environments to support the licensing goals of specific geographical areas and diversify the night-time economy.

SUBMITTER: Sharpe CA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6773415 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An observational study to examine how cumulative impact zones influence alcohol availability from different types of licensed outlets in an inner London Borough.

Sharpe Carolyn A CA Poots Alan A Watt Hilary H Williamson Chris C Franklin David D Pinder Richard J RJ

BMJ open 20190924 9

<h4>Objectives</h4>Cumulative impact zones (CIZs) are a widely implemented local policy intended to restrict alcohol availability in areas proliferated with licensed outlets. Limited previous research has questioned their effectiveness and suggested they may play a more nuanced role in shaping local alcohol environments. This study evaluates the association between CIZ implementation and the number of licence applications made, and the number issued, relative to a control region.<h4>Design</h4>A ...[more]

PMID: 31551372

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Project description:Background Morbidity and mortality from road traffic crashes are steadily increasing globally and they remain a major public health challenge. This burden is disproportionately borne by low-and middle-income countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa where motorcycle helmet use is low and where there are challenges of affordability and availability of standard helmets. We sought to assess the availability and cost of helmets in retail outlets in northern Ghana. Methods A market survey of 408 randomly sampled automobile-related retail outlets in Tamale, northern Ghana was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with helmet availability and gamma regression was used to identify factors associated with their cost. Results Helmets were available in 233 (57.1%) of surveyed retail outlets. On multivariable logistic regression, street vendors were 48% less likely and motorcycle repair shops 86% less likely to sell helmets than automobile/motorcycle shops. Outlets outside the Central Business District were 46% less likely to sell helmets than outlets inside that district. Nigerian retailers were five times more likely to sell helmets than Ghanaian retailers. Median helmet cost was 8.50 USD. Helmet cost decreased by 16% at street vendors, 21% at motorcycle repair shops, and 25% at outlets run by the owner. The cost increased by older age of retailer (1% per year of age), education level of retailer (12% higher for secondary education, 56% higher for tertiary education, compared to basic education), and sex (14% higher for male retailer). Conclusion Motorcycle helmets were available in some retail outlets in northern Ghana. Efforts to improve helmet availability should address outlets in which they are less commonly sold, including street vendors, motorcycle repair shops, outlets run by Ghanaians, and outlets outside the Central Business District. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15695-8.

Dataset Information

An observational study to examine how cumulative impact zones influence alcohol availability from different types of licensed outlets in an inner London Borough.

Publications

An observational study to examine how cumulative impact zones influence alcohol availability from different types of licensed outlets in an inner London Borough.

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