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Involvement of Civil Society in India's Polio Eradication Program: Lessons Learned.

ABSTRACT: India achieved the title of a polio-free country in March 2014 after a prolonged battle with the poliovirus that threatened millions of children and paralyzed scores of them. Although there has been considerable documentation of the technical strategies applied over the years, not enough has been written on the other warfront that had opened, namely, the battle between the people and the polio eradication program. This article describes the immense people-driven challenges to the polio program and the need for tailor-made and novel responses. This is when the U.S. Agency for International Development-funded CORE Group Polio Project (CGPP)/India stepped in and started work in 1999. The project, a consortium of CORE Group member international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local NGOs, formed a bridge between communities and the government program. This article describes how CGPP/India listened to the families and communities who refused to participate in the polio eradication program and then strategically addressed their concerns. These lessons from India can benefit other public health priorities that require civil society involvement, as most public health efforts do.

SUBMITTER: Solomon R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6776100 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Involvement of Civil Society in India's Polio Eradication Program: Lessons Learned.

Solomon Roma R

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 20191001 4_Suppl

India achieved the title of a polio-free country in March 2014 after a prolonged battle with the poliovirus that threatened millions of children and paralyzed scores of them. Although there has been considerable documentation of the technical strategies applied over the years, not enough has been written on the other warfront that had opened, namely, the battle between the people and the polio eradication program. This article describes the immense people-driven challenges to the polio program a ...[more]

PMID: 31760980

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Project description:BackgroundScholarly Concentrations programs in U.S. medical schools aim to instill passion for critical thinking and promote careers in academic medicine. The rise of these programs has seen variable goals, structure, and outcomes. Transformation of these programs internationally is in its infancy.MethodsWe describe implementation of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Scholarly Concentrations program, offering Basic Science, Clinical Science, Medical Ethics/Healing Arts, History of Medicine, and Public Health/Community Service, at Bezmiâlem Vakif University in Istanbul, Turkey. Over six modules in the preclinical years, students develop a faculty-mentored experience which encourages the acquisition of attitudes and skills for self-directed, lifelong learning and scholarship. This culminates in abstract and project presentation. We report program characteristics (context and logistics) and outcomes (student engagement and experiences).ResultsThe Scholarly Concentrations program at Bezmiâlem began in 2014, with nearly two completed cohorts of students. In comparison to Johns Hopkins, students at Bezmiâlem begin at an earlier age (thus do not have as much prior research experience) and are subsequently evaluated for residency in terms of test scores rather than scholarship and publications, but have a similar level of intellectual curiosity and desire to take ownership of their project. Eighty-two percent of Bezmiâlem students stated the project they pursued was either their own idea or was an idea they formed after meeting with their mentor. Students at Bezmialem were more likely to choose Clinical Science projects (p = 0.009). Only 5% of Bezmiâlem students in end-of-course survey felt dissatisfied with the level of ownership they experienced with their project, a frequency similar to that seen by Johns Hopkins students (2%).ConclusionsScholarly Concentrations programs play an important role in U.S. medical schools, and these programs can be successfully implemented internationally. The Scholarly Concentrations program at Johns Hopkins has been transformed to a program at Bezmiâlem in Istanbul, the first program outside North America or the European Union. When designing these programs, one must consider the context, logistics, student engagement, and outcomes. While long-term outcomes are needed, this can serve as a model for implementation elsewhere.

Project description:Plain english summaryBackgroundYoung people with a chronic condition are increasingly involved in doing research and developing tools and interventions that concern them. Working together with patients is called Patient and Public Involvement (PPI). We know from the literature that PPI with young people with a chronic condition can be challenging. Therefore, it is important that everyone shares their lessons learned from doing PPI.AimWe want to share our lessons learned from a large program, called Care and Future Prospects. This program helps young people with a chronic condition to, for example, go to school or to find a job. It funded numerous projects that could contribute to this. In all projects, project teams collaborated with young people with a chronic condition.What did we doWe asked young people with a chronic condition and project teams about their experiences with PPI. Project teams wrote reports, were interviewed, and filled out a tool called the Involvement Matrix. Young people filled out a questionnaire.FindingsIn the article, we present our lessons learned. Examples are: it is important to involve young people with a chronic condition from the start of a project and everyone involved in a project should continuously discuss their responsibilities. We provide practical tips on how young people with a chronic condition and project teams can do this. A tip for young people is, for example: 'discuss with the project team what you can and want to do and what you need'. An example of a tip for project teams is: 'Take time to listen attentively to the ideas of young people'.AbstractBackgroundThe Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) of young people with a chronic condition receives increasing attention in policy and practice. This is, however, not without its challenges. Consequently, calls have been made to share lessons learned during PPI practice.MethodsWe share our lessons learned from a large participatory program, called Care and Future Prospects. This program aims to improve the social position of young people aged 0-25 with a physical or mental chronic condition by funding participatory projects. We have drawn our lessons from 33 of these projects, using four data sources. One data source provided information from the perspective of young people with a chronic condition, i.e. questionnaires. Three data sources contained information from the perspectives of project teams, i.e. project reports, case studies of projects and Involvement Matrices. For most of the projects, we have information from multiple data sources.ResultsWe have combined the findings derived from all four data sources. This resulted in multiple lessons learned about PPI with young people with a chronic condition. Those lessons are divided into six themes, including practicalities to take into account at the start, involvement from the start, roles and responsibilities, support, flexibility and an open mind, and evaluation of process and outcomes.ConclusionsThe lessons learned have taught us that meaningful PPI requires effort, time and resources from both young people and project teams, from the beginning to the end. It is important to continuously discuss roles and responsibilities, and whether these still meet everyone's needs and wishes. Our study adds to previous research by providing practical examples of encountered challenges and how to deal with them. Moreover, the practical tips can be a valuable aid by showing young people and project teams what concrete actions can support a successful PPI process.

Dataset Information

Involvement of Civil Society in India's Polio Eradication Program: Lessons Learned.

Publications

Involvement of Civil Society in India's Polio Eradication Program: Lessons Learned.

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