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Rapid Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Effective Detection of Ferric Ions and as Fluorescent Ink.

ABSTRACT: Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted much attention of many researchers because of their low cytotoxicity, good optical stability, and excellent photoluminescence property, which make them novel nanostructured materials in many application fields ranging from energy to biomedicine and the environment. In this work, highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were synthesized through microwave heating using sodium citrate and triethanolamine as raw materials. The as-prepared N-GQDs showed considerable bright blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 8% and excellent uniform dispersion with an average diameter of approximately 5.6 nm; they also exhibited excellent stability and pH-sensitive properties. Furthermore, we demonstrated the application of N-GQDs as probes for metal ion detection. The results indicated that N-GQDs responded rapidly toward Fe3+ because of the static quenching mechanism. A detection method was proposed, with detection linear in two ranges from 20 to 70 nM (F = -0.9666 C Fe 3+ (nM) + 608.85 (R = 0.9740)) and from 1 to 100 ?M (F = -12.04 C Fe 3+ (?M) + 1191.94 (R = 0.9541)); the lowest detection limit of 9.7 nM for Fe3+ was obtained. The results obtained in this work lay the foundation for the development of high-performance and robust metal ion detection sensors. Moreover, it can also possibly be used as a new type of fluorescent ink.

SUBMITTER: Ren Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6776961 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rapid Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Effective Detection of Ferric Ions and as Fluorescent Ink.

Ren Qiaoli Q Ga Lu L Ai Jun J

ACS omega 20190917 14

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted much attention of many researchers because of their low cytotoxicity, good optical stability, and excellent photoluminescence property, which make them novel nanostructured materials in many application fields ranging from energy to biomedicine and the environment. In this work, highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were synthesized through microwave heating using sodium citrate and triethanolamine as raw materials. The as-pr ...[more]

PMID: 31592454

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Project description:Here, a simple one-step hydrothermal-assisted carbonization process was adopted for the preparation of nitrogen/phosphorous-doped carbon dots from a water-soluble polymer, poly 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (PMPC). By the free-radical polymerization method, PMPC was synthesized using 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid). The water-soluble polymers, PMPC, that have nitrogen/phosphorus moieties are used to prepare carbon dots (P-CDs). The resulting P-CDs were thoroughly characterized by various analytical techniques such as field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmittance electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy to determine their structural and optical properties. The synthesized P-CDs displayed bright/durable fluorescence, were stable for long periods, and confirmed the enrichment of functionalities including oxygen, phosphorus, and nitrogen heteroatoms in the carbon matrix. Since the synthesized P-CDs showed bright fluorescence with excellent photostability, excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, and excellent quantum yield (23%), it has been explored as a fluorescent (security) ink for drawing and writing (anti-counterfeiting). Further, cytotoxicity study results advised for biocompatibility and thus were used for cellular multicolor imaging in nematodes. This work not only demonstrated the preparation of CDs from polymers that can be used as advanced fluorescence ink, a bioimaging agent for anti-counterfeiting, and cellular multicolor imaging candidate, but additionally prominently opened a new perspective on the bulk preparation of CDs simply and efficiently for various applications.

Project description:Aluminum is a kind of metal that we often encounter. It can also be absorbed by the human body invisibly and will affect our bodies to a certain extent, e.g., by causing symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the detection of aluminum is particularly important. The methods to detect metal ions include precipitation methods and electrochemical methods, which are cumbersome and costly. Fluorescence detection is a fast and sensitive method with a low cost and non-toxicity. Traditional fluorescent nanomaterials have a high cost, high toxicity, and cause harm to the human body. Graphene quantum dots are a new type of fluorescent nanomaterials with a low cost and non-toxicity that can compensate for the defects of traditional fluorescent nanomaterials. In this paper, c-GQDs and o-GQDs with good performance were prepared by a bottom-up hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine as a precursor and citric acid or boric acid as modulators. They have very good optical properties: o-GQDs exhibit orange fluorescence under UV irradiation, while c-GQDs exhibits cyan fluorescence. Then, different metal ions were used for ion detection, and it was found that Al3+ had a good quenching effect on the fluorescence of the o-GQDs. The reason for this phenomenon may be related to the strong binding of Al3+ ions to the N and O functional groups of the o-GQDs and the rapid chelation kinetics. During the chelation process, the separation of o-GQDs' photoexcited electron hole pairs leads to their rapid electron transfer to Al3+, in turn leading to the occurrence of a fluorescence-quenching phenomenon. In addition, there was a good linear relationship between the concentration of the Al3+ ions and the fluorescence intensity, and the correlation coefficient of the linear regression equation was 0.9937. This illustrates the potential for the wide application of GQDs in sensing systems, while also demonstrating that Al3+ sensors can be used to detect Al3+ ions.

Dataset Information

Rapid Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Effective Detection of Ferric Ions and as Fluorescent Ink.

Publications

Rapid Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Effective Detection of Ferric Ions and as Fluorescent Ink.

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