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Genetic variation in dopamine availability modulates the self-reported level of action control in a sex-dependent manner.

ABSTRACT: Although procrastination is a widespread phenomenon with significant influence on our personal and professional life, its genetic foundation is somewhat unknown. An important factor that influences our ability to tackle specific goals directly instead of putting them off is our ability to initiate cognitive, motivational and emotional control mechanisms, so-called metacontrol. These metacontrol mechanisms have been frequently related to dopaminergic signaling. To gain deeper insight into the genetic components of procrastination, we examined whether genetically induced differences in the dopaminergic system are associated with interindividual differences in trait-like procrastination, measured as decision-related action control (AOD). Analyzing the data of 278 healthy adults, we found a sex-dependent effect of TH genotype on AOD. Interestingly, only in women, T-allele carriers showed lower AOD values and were therefore more likely to procrastinate. Additionally, we investigated whether differences in the morphology and functional connectivity of the amygdala that were previously associated with AOD happen to be related to differences in the TH genotype and thus to differences in the dopaminergic system. However, there was no significant amygdala volume or connectivity difference between the TH genotype groups. Therefore, this study is the first to suggest that genetic, anatomical and functional differences affect trait-like procrastination independently.

SUBMITTER: Schluter C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6778824 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic variation in dopamine availability modulates the self-reported level of action control in a sex-dependent manner.

Schlüter Caroline C Arning Larissa L Fraenz Christoph C Friedrich Patrick P Pinnow Marlies M Güntürkün Onur O Beste Christian C Ocklenburg Sebastian S Genc Erhan E

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 20190701 7

Although procrastination is a widespread phenomenon with significant influence on our personal and professional life, its genetic foundation is somewhat unknown. An important factor that influences our ability to tackle specific goals directly instead of putting them off is our ability to initiate cognitive, motivational and emotional control mechanisms, so-called metacontrol. These metacontrol mechanisms have been frequently related to dopaminergic signaling. To gain deeper insight into the gen ...[more]

PMID: 31269206

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Project description:BackgroundThis research investigates the distribution of optometrists in Canada relative to population health needs and self-reported use of vision services.MethodsOptometrist locations were gathered from provincial regulatory bodies. Optometrist-to-population ratios (i.e. the number of providers per 10,000 people at the health region level) were then calculated. Utilization of vision care services was extracted from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2013-2014 question regarding self-reported contacts with optometrists or ophthalmologists. Data from the 2016 Statistics Canada census were used to create three population 'need' subgroups (65 years and over; low-income; and people aged 15 and over with less than a high school diploma). Cross-classification mapping compared optometrist distribution to self-reported use of vision care services in relation to need. Each variable was converted into three classes (i.e., low, moderate, and high) using a standard deviation (SD) classification scheme where ±0.5SD from the mean was considered as a cut-off. Three classes: low (< - 0.5SD), moderate (- 0.5 to 0.5SD), and high (> 0.5SD) were used for demonstrating distribution of each variable across health regions.ResultsA total of 5959 optometrists across ten Canadian provinces were included in this analysis. The nationwide distribution of optometrists is variable across Canada; they are predominantly concentrated in urban areas. The national mean ratio of optometrists was 1.70 optometrists per 10,000 people (range = 0.13 to 2.92). Out of 109 health regions (HRs), 26 were classified as low ratios, 51 HRs were classified as moderate ratios, and 32 HRs were high ratios. Thirty-five HRs were classified as low utilization, 39 HRs were classified as moderate, and 32 HRs as high utilization. HRs with a low optometrist ratio relative to eye care utilization and a high proportion of key sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. older age, low income) are located throughout Canada and identified with maps indicating areas of likely greater need for optometry services.ConclusionThis research provides a nationwide overview of vision care provided by optometrists identifying gaps in geographic availability relative to "supply" and "need" factors. This examination of variation in accessibility to optometric services will be useful to inform workforce planning and policies.

Dataset Information

Genetic variation in dopamine availability modulates the self-reported level of action control in a sex-dependent manner.

Publications

Genetic variation in dopamine availability modulates the self-reported level of action control in a sex-dependent manner.

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