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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Rare Cause of Anemia.

ABSTRACT: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is an uncommon genetic disorder. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder with varying penetrance and expression. The diagnosis of HHT requires the presence of at least three out of four clinical criteria. These so-called Curaçao criteria include epistaxis, telangiectasias, visceral involvement, and a family history of HHT in a first-degree relative. Visceral involvement can involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, resulting in the development of GI telangiectasias. One of the complications is anemia due to the chronic blood loss from these vascular malformations. Here, we present a case of a 26-year-old male who was diagnosed with HHT. He initially had episodes of epistaxis but now presented to us with features of anemia. According to the patient, he didn't have epistaxis for the past many months and on his esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy, there was evidence of multiple small telangiectasias seen in his stomach, duodenum, and colon. He was managed with blood transfusion and was discharged on oral iron supplementation. This is a rare cause of anemia and should be evaluated if other features of HHT are present.

SUBMITTER: Jan W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6779147 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Rare Cause of Anemia.

Jan Waseem W Tameez Ud Din Asim A Chaudhary Farooq Mohyud Din FMD Tameez-Ud-Din Ahsan A Nawaz Faisal F

Cureus 20190808 8

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is an uncommon genetic disorder. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder with varying penetrance and expression. The diagnosis of HHT requires the presence of at least three out of four clinical criteria. These so-called Curaçao criteria include epistaxis, telangiectasias, visceral involvement, and a family history of HHT in a first-degree relative. Visceral involvement can involve the gastrointesti ...[more]

PMID: 31602353

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Project description:Background and purposeThe presence of malformations of cortical development in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia has been reported on previous occasions. We evaluated a sample of adults with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia for the presence of malformations of cortical development, spatial coincidence of malformations of cortical development and AVMs, and the coincidence of brain and pulmonary AVMs.Materials and methodsA total of 141 patients 18 years of age or older who were referred to the Augusta University hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia clinic and underwent brain MR imaging between January 19, 2018, and December 3, 2020, were identified. MR imaging examinations were reviewed retrospectively by 2 experienced neuroradiologists, and the presence of malformations of cortical development and AVMs was confirmed by consensus. Demographic and clinical information was collected for each case, including age, sex, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia status by the Curacao Criteria, mutation type, presence of malformations of cortical development, presence of brain AVMs, presence of pulmonary AVMs, and a history of seizures or learning disabilities.ResultsFive of 141 (3.5%) patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia had malformations of cortical development. Two of the 5 patients with polymicrogyria also had closed-lip schizencephaly. One of the patients had a porencephalic cavity partially lined with heterotopic GM. The incidence of spatially coincident polymicrogyria and brain AVMs was 40% (2/5 cases). Of the patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and malformations of cortical development, 4/5 (80%) had pulmonary AVMs and 2/5 (40%) had brain AVMs.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, we are the first group to report the presence of schizencephaly in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. The presence of schizencephaly and porencephaly lends support to the hypothesis of regional in utero cerebral hypoxic events as the etiology of malformations of cortical development in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Dataset Information

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Rare Cause of Anemia.

Publications

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Rare Cause of Anemia.

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