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An inverse relationship between cortical plasticity and cognitive inhibition in late-life depression.

ABSTRACT: Executive dysfunction is a common and disabling component of late-life depression (LLD), yet its neural mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, it is not yet known how executive functioning in LLD relates to measures of cortical physiology that may change with age and illness, namely cortical inhibition/excitation and plasticity. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure cortical inhibition/excitation (n?=?51), and the potentiation of cortical activity following paired associative stimulation, which is thought to reflect long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity (n?=?32). We assessed the correlation between these measures of cortical physiology and two measures of executive functioning: cognitive inhibition, assessed using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Color-Word Interference ["Stroop"] Test, and cognitive flexibility, assessed using the Trail Making Test. Correlations with recall memory and processing speed were also performed to assess the specificity of any associations to executive functioning. A significant correlation was found between greater LTP-like cortical plasticity and poorer cognitive inhibition, a core executive function (r_p?=?-0.56, p?

SUBMITTER: Lissemore JI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6785107 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An inverse relationship between cortical plasticity and cognitive inhibition in late-life depression.

Lissemore Jennifer I JI Shanks Hayley R C HRC Butters Meryl A MA Bhandari Apoorva A Zomorrodi Reza R Rajji Tarek K TK Karp Jordan F JF Reynolds Charles F CF Lenze Eric J EJ Daskalakis Zafiris J ZJ Mulsant Benoit H BH Blumberger Daniel M DM

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20190509 9

Executive dysfunction is a common and disabling component of late-life depression (LLD), yet its neural mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, it is not yet known how executive functioning in LLD relates to measures of cortical physiology that may change with age and illness, namely cortical inhibition/excitation and plasticity. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure cortical inhibition/excitation (n = 51), and the potentiation of cortical activity following paired a ...[more]

PMID: 31071718

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Project description:Late-life depression (LLD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are associated with medial temporal lobe structural abnormalities. However, the hippocampal functional connectivity (HFC) similarities and differences related to these syndromes when they occur alone or coexist are unclear. Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (R-fMRI) technique was used to measure left and right HFC in 72 elderly participants (LLD [n = 18], aMCI [n = 17], LLD with comorbid aMCI [n = 12], and healthy controls [n = 25]). The main and interactive relationships of LLD and aMCI on the HFC networks were determined, after controlling for age, gender, education and gray matter volumes. The effects of depressive symptoms and episodic memory deficits on the hippocampal functional connections also were assessed. While increased and decreased left and right HFC with several cortical and subcortical structures involved in mood regulation were related to LLD, aMCI was associated with globally diminished connectivity. Significant LLD-aMCI interactions on the right HFC networks were seen in the brain regions critical for emotion processing and higher-order cognitive functions. In the interactive brain regions, LLD and aMCI were associated with diminished hippocampal functional connections, whereas the comorbid group demonstrated enhanced connectivity. Main and interactive effects of depressive symptoms and episodic memory performance were also associated with bilateral HFC network abnormalities. In conclusion, these findings indicate that discrete hippocampal functional network abnormalities are associated with LLD and aMCI when they occur alone. However, when these conditions coexist, more pronounced vulnerabilities of the hippocampal networks occur, which may be a marker of disease severity and impending cognitive decline. By utilizing R-fMRI technique, this study provides novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying LLD and aMCI in the functional network level.

Dataset Information

An inverse relationship between cortical plasticity and cognitive inhibition in late-life depression.

Publications

An inverse relationship between cortical plasticity and cognitive inhibition in late-life depression.

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