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Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, delays chronological aging in budding yeast.

ABSTRACT: We have recently found that PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, slows chronological aging and prolongs longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more efficiently than any of the previously known pharmacological interventions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which PE21 delays yeast chronological aging and extends yeast longevity. We show that PE21 causes a remodeling of lipid metabolism in chronologically aging yeast, thereby instigating changes in the concentrations of several lipid classes. We demonstrate that such changes in the cellular lipidome initiate three mechanisms of aging delay and longevity extension. The first mechanism through which PE21 slows aging and prolongs longevity consists in its ability to decrease the intracellular concentration of free fatty acids. This postpones an age-related onset of liponecrotic cell death promoted by excessive concentrations of free fatty acids. The second mechanism of aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to decrease the concentrations of triacylglycerols and to increase the concentrations of glycerophospholipids within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This activates the unfolded protein response system in the endoplasmic reticulum, which then decelerates an age-related decline in protein and lipid homeostasis and slows down an aging-associated deterioration of cell resistance to stress. The third mechanisms underlying aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to change lipid concentrations in the mitochondrial membranes. This alters certain catabolic and anabolic processes in mitochondria, thus amending the pattern of aging-associated changes in several key aspects of mitochondrial functionality.

SUBMITTER: Medkour Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6791382 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, delays chronological aging in budding yeast.

Medkour Younes Y Mohammad Karamat K Arlia-Ciommo Anthony A Svistkova Veronika V Dakik Pamela P Mitrofanova Darya D Rodriguez Monica Enith Lozano MEL Junio Jennifer Anne Baratang JAB Taifour Tarek T Escudero Paola P Goltsios Fani-Fay FF Soodbakhsh Sahar S Maalaoui Hana H Simard Éric É Titorenko Vladimir I VI

Oncotarget 20191008 56

We have recently found that PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, slows chronological aging and prolongs longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more efficiently than any of the previously known pharmacological interventions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which PE21 delays yeast chronological aging and extends yeast longevity. We show that PE21 causes a remodeling of lipid metabolism in chronologically aging yeast, thereby instigating changes in the ...[more]

PMID: 31645900

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Project description:ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the adaptive mechanism underlying the photosynthetic characteristics and the ion absorption and distribution of white willow (Salix alba L.) in a salt stress environment in cutting seedlings. The results lay a foundation for further understanding the distribution of sodium chloride and its effect on the photosynthetic system.MethodA salt stress environment was simulated in a hydroponics system with different NaCl concentrations in one-year-old Salix alba L.branches as the test materials. Their growth, ion absorption, transport and distribution in the roots and leaves, and the changes in the photosynthetic fluorescence parameters were studied after 20 days under hydroponics.ResultsThe results show that The germination and elongation of roots are promoted in the presence of 171mM NaCl, but root growth is comprehensively inhibited under increasing salt stress. Under salt stress, Na+ accumulates significantly in the roots and leaves, and the Na+ content and the Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ root ratios are significantly greater than those in the leaves. When the NaCl concentration is ≤ 342mM, Salix alba can maintain relatively stable K+ and Ca2+ contents in its leaves by improving the selective absorption and accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ and adjusting the transport capacity of mineral ions to aboveground parts, while K+ and Ca2+ levels are clearly decreased under high salt stress. With increasing salt concentrations, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) of leaves decrease gradually overall, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) first decreases and then increases. When the NaCl concentration is < 342mM, the decrease in leaf Pn is primarily restricted by the stomata. When the NaCl concentration is > 342mM, the decrease in the Pn is largely inhibited by non-stomatal factors. Due to the salt stress environment, the OJIP curve (Rapid chlorophyll fluorescence) of Salix alba turns into an OKJIP curve. When the NaCl concentration is > 171mM, the fluorescence values of points I and P decrease significantly, which is accompanied by a clear inflection point (K). The quantum yield and energy distribution ratio of the PSⅡ reaction center change significantly (φPo, Ψo and φEo show an overall downward trend while φDo is promoted). The performance index and driving force (PIABS, PICSm and DFCSm) decrease significantly when the NaCl concentration is > 171mM, indicating that salt stress causes a partial inactivation of the PSII reaction center, and the functions of the donor side and the recipient side are damaged.ConclusionThe above results indicate that Salix alba can respond to salt stress by intercepting Na+ in the roots, improving the selective absorption of K+ and Ca2+ and the transport capacity to the above ground parts of the plant, and increasing φDo, thus shows an ability to self-regulate and adapt.

Dataset Information

Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, delays chronological aging in budding yeast.

Publications

Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow <i>Salix alba</i>, delays chronological aging in budding yeast.

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