Dataset Information

Heparin Immobilized on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Catalytic Conversion of Fructose in Water with High Yield and Selectivity.

ABSTRACT: Being a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates, native heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide. Herein, heparin was grafted onto polydopamine (PDA)- and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI)-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (heparin-PEI@PDA@MWCNT). The immobilized heparin consists of a sulfated repeating disaccharide unit, conferring a unique microenvironment when catalyzing fructose dehydration into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The hydrogen bonding interactions naturally occur between the disaccharide unit of heparin and the monosaccharide fructose, and the adjacent sulfonic acid groups catalyze the fructose dehydration. The reactions were performed in water, and heparin-PEI@PDA@MWCNT achieved an HMF yield of 46.2% and an HMF selectivity of 82.2%. For the dehydration of fructose in water, heparin-PEI@PDA@MWCNT exhibits advantages over published heterogeneous catalysts on the basis of HMF yield and HMF selectivity. Three aspects contribute to the environmentally benign processing: (1) the catalyst heparin is a natural sulfated polysaccharide; (2) the catalysis is carried out in water and not in organic solvents; and (3) fructose can be produced from a biomass resource.

SUBMITTER: Wang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6796884 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heparin Immobilized on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Catalytic Conversion of Fructose in Water with High Yield and Selectivity.

Wang Chenyu C Gong Wei W Lu Xingyuan X Xiang Yang Y Ji Peijun P

ACS omega 20191001 16

Being a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates, native heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide. Herein, heparin was grafted onto polydopamine (PDA)- and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI)-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (heparin-PEI@PDA@MWCNT). The immobilized heparin consists of a sulfated repeating disaccharide unit, conferring a unique microenvironment when catalyzing fructose dehydration into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The hydrogen bonding interactions naturally ...[more]

PMID: 31646226

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Project description:Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) regularly enter aquatic environments due to their ubiquity in consumer products and engineering applications. However, the effects of MWCNT pollution on the environmental microbiome are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated whether these carbon nanoparticles can elevate the spread of antimicrobial resistance by promoting bacterial plasmid transfer, which has previously been observed for copper nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties as well as for microplastics. Through a combination of experimental liquid mating assays between Pseudomonas putida donor and recipient strains with plasmid pKJK5::gfpmut3b and mathematical modeling, we here demonstrate that the presence of MWCNTs leads to increased plasmid transfer rates in a concentration-dependent manner. The percentage of transconjugants per recipient significantly increased from 0.21 ± 0.04% in absence to 0.41 ± 0.09% at 10 mg L-1 MWCNTs. Similar trends were observed when using an Escherichia coli donor hosting plasmid pB10. The identified mechanism underlying the observed dynamics was the agglomeration of MWCNTs. A significantly increased number of particles with >6 μm diameter was detected in the presence of MWCNTs, which can in turn provide novel surfaces for bacterial interactions between donor and recipient cells after colonization. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that MWCNT agglomerates were indeed covered in biofilms that contained donor bacteria as well as elevated numbers of green fluorescent transconjugant cells containing the plasmid. Consequently, MWCNTs provide bacteria with novel surfaces for intense cell-to-cell interactions in biofilms and can promote bacterial plasmid transfer, hence potentially elevating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. IMPORTANCE In recent decades, the use of carbon nanoparticles, especially multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in a variety of products and engineering applications has been growing exponentially. As a result, MWCNT pollution into environmental compartments has been increasing. We here demonstrate that the exposure to MWCNTs can affect bacterial plasmid transfer rates in aquatic environments, an important process connected to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes in microbial communities. This is mechanistically explained by the ability of MWCNTs to form bigger agglomerates, hence providing novel surfaces for bacterial interactions. Consequently, increasing pollution with MWCNTs has the potential to elevate the ongoing spread of antimicrobial resistance, a major threat to human health in the 21st century.

Project description:Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are cylindrical tubes of graphitic carbon with unique physical and electrical properties. MWCNTs are being explored for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Successful biomedical application of MWCNTs will require compatibility with normal circulatory components, including constituents of the hemostatic cascades. In this manuscript, we compare the thrombotic activity of MWCNTs in vitro and in vivo. We also assess the influence of functionalization of MWCNTs on thrombotic activity. In vitro, MWCNT activate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation as measured by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assays. Functionalization by amidation or carboxylation enhances this procoagulant activity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that MWCNTs enhance propagation of the intrinsic pathway via a non-classical mechanism strongly dependent on factor IX. MWCNTs preferentially associate with factor IXa and may provide a platform that enhances its enzymatic activity. In addition to their effects on the coagulation cascade, MWCNTs activate platelets in vitro, with amidated MWCNTs exhibiting greater platelet activation than carboxylated or pristine MWCNTs. However, contrasting trends are obtained in vivo, where functionalization tends to diminish rather than enhance procoagulant activity. Thus, following systemic injection of MWCNTs in mice, pristine MWCNTs decreased platelet counts, increased vWF, and increased D-dimers. In contrast, carboxylated MWCNTS exhibited little procoagulant tendency in vivo, eliciting only a mild and transient decrease in platelets. Amidated MWCNTs elicited no statistically significant change in platelet count. Further, neither carboxylated nor amidated MWCNTs increased vWF or D-dimers in mouse plasma. We conclude that the procoagulant tendencies of MWCNTs observed in vitro are not necessarily recapitulated in vivo. Further, functionalization can markedly attenuate the procoagulant activity of MWCNTs in vivo. This work will inform the rational development of biocompatible MWCNTs for systemic delivery.

Dataset Information

Heparin Immobilized on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Catalytic Conversion of Fructose in Water with High Yield and Selectivity.

Publications

Heparin Immobilized on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Catalytic Conversion of Fructose in Water with High Yield and Selectivity.

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