Dataset Information

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

ABSTRACT: Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000-2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.

SUBMITTER: Burstein R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6800389 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Burstein Roy R Henry Nathaniel J NJ Collison Michael L ML Marczak Laurie B LB Sligar Amber A Watson Stefanie S Marquez Neal N Abbasalizad-Farhangi Mahdieh M Abbasi Masoumeh M Abd-Allah Foad F Abdoli Amir A Abdollahi Mohammad M Abdollahpour Ibrahim I Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi RS Abrigo Michael R M MRM Acharya Dilaram D Adebayo Oladimeji M OM Adekanmbi Victor V Adham Davoud D Afshari Mahdi M Aghaali Mohammad M Ahmadi Keivan K Ahmadi Mehdi M Ahmadpour Ehsan E Ahmed Rushdia R Akal Chalachew Genet CG Akinyemi Joshua O JO Alahdab Fares F Alam Noore N Alamene Genet Melak GM Alene Kefyalew Addis KA Alijanzadeh Mehran M Alinia Cyrus C Alipour Vahid V Aljunid Syed Mohamed SM Almalki Mohammed J MJ Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M HM Altirkawi Khalid K Alvis-Guzman Nelson N Amegah Adeladza Kofi AK Amini Saeed S Amit Arianna Maever Loreche AML Anbari Zohreh Z Androudi Sofia S Anjomshoa Mina M Ansari Fereshteh F Antonio Carl Abelardo T CAT Arabloo Jalal J Arefi Zohreh Z Aremu Olatunde O Armoon Bahram B Arora Amit A Artaman Al A Asadi Anvar A Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran M Ashraf-Ganjouei Amir A Assadi Reza R Ataeinia Bahar B Atre Sachin R SR Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala BPA Ayanore Martin Amogre MA Azari Samad S Babaee Ebrahim E Babazadeh Arefeh A Badawi Alaa A Bagheri Soghra S Bagherzadeh Mojtaba M Baheiraei Nafiseh N Balouchi Abbas A Barac Aleksandra A Bassat Quique Q Baune Bernhard T BT Bayati Mohsen M Bedi Neeraj N Beghi Ettore E Behzadifar Masoud M Behzadifar Meysam M Belay Yared Belete YB Bell Brent B Bell Michelle L ML Berbada Dessalegn Ajema DA Bernstein Robert S RS Bhattacharjee Natalia V NV Bhattarai Suraj S Bhutta Zulfiqar A ZA Bijani Ali A Bohlouli Somayeh S Breitborde Nicholas J K NJK Britton Gabrielle G Browne Annie J AJ Nagaraja Sharath Burugina SB Busse Reinhard R Butt Zahid A ZA Car Josip J Cárdenas Rosario R Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A CA Cerin Ester E Chanie Wagaye Fentahun WF Chatterjee Pranab P Chu Dinh-Toi DT Cooper Cyrus C Costa Vera M VM Dalal Koustuv K Dandona Lalit L Dandona Rakhi R Daoud Farah F Daryani Ahmad A Das Gupta Rajat R Davis Ian I Davis Weaver Nicole N Davitoiu Dragos Virgil DV De Neve Jan-Walter JW Demeke Feleke Mekonnen FM Demoz Gebre Teklemariam GT Deribe Kebede K Desai Rupak R Deshpande Aniruddha A Desyibelew Hanna Demelash HD Dey Sagnik S Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda SD Dhimal Meghnath M Diaz Daniel D Doshmangir Leila L Duraes Andre R AR Dwyer-Lindgren Laura L Earl Lucas L Ebrahimi Roya R Ebrahimpour Soheil S Effiong Andem A Eftekhari Aziz A Ehsani-Chimeh Elham E El Sayed Iman I El Sayed Zaki Maysaa M El Tantawi Maha M El-Khatib Ziad Z Emamian Mohammad Hassan MH Enany Shymaa S Eskandarieh Sharareh S Eyawo Oghenowede O Ezalarab Maha M Faramarzi Mahbobeh M Fareed Mohammad M Faridnia Roghiyeh R Faro Andre A Fazaeli Ali Akbar AA Fazlzadeh Mehdi M Fentahun Netsanet N Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad SM Fernandes João C JC Filip Irina I Fischer Florian F Foigt Nataliya A NA Foroutan Masoud M Francis Joel Msafiri JM Fukumoto Takeshi T Fullman Nancy N Gallus Silvano S Gebre Destallem Gebremedhin DG Gebrehiwot Tsegaye Tewelde TT Gebremeskel Gebreamlak Gebremedhn GG Gessner Bradford D BD Geta Birhanu B Gething Peter W PW Ghadimi Reza R Ghadiri Keyghobad K Ghajarzadeh Mahsa M Ghashghaee Ahmad A Gill Paramjit Singh PS Gill Tiffany K TK Golding Nick N Gomes Nelson G M NGM Gona Philimon N PN Gopalani Sameer Vali SV Gorini Giuseppe G Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia BNG Graetz Nicholas N Greaves Felix F Green Manfred S MS Guo Yuming Y Haj-Mirzaian Arvin A Haj-Mirzaian Arya A Hall Brian James BJ Hamidi Samer S Haririan Hamidreza H Haro Josep Maria JM Hasankhani Milad M Hasanpoor Edris E Hasanzadeh Amir A Hassankhani Hadi H Hassen Hamid Yimam HY Hegazy Mohamed I MI Hendrie Delia D Heydarpour Fatemeh F Hird Thomas R TR Hoang Chi Linh CL Hollerich Gillian G Rad Enayatollah Homaie EH Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi Mojtaba M Hossain Naznin N Hosseini Mostafa M Hosseinzadeh Mehdi M Hostiuc Mihaela M Hostiuc Sorin S Househ Mowafa M Hsairi Mohamed M Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen OS Imani-Nasab Mohammad Hasan MH Iqbal Usman U Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi SSN Islam Nazrul N Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful SMS Jürisson Mikk M Balalami Nader Jafari NJ Jalali Amir A Javidnia Javad J Jayatilleke Achala Upendra AU Jenabi Ensiyeh E Ji John S JS Jobanputra Yash B YB Johnson Kimberly K Jonas Jost B JB Shushtari Zahra Jorjoran ZJ Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy JJ Kabir Ali A Kahsay Amaha A Kalani Hamed H Kalhor Rohollah R Karami Manoochehr M Karki Surendra S Kasaeian Amir A Kassebaum Nicholas J NJ Keiyoro Peter Njenga PN Kemp Grant Rodgers GR Khabiri Roghayeh R Khader Yousef Saleh YS Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif MA Khan Ejaz Ahmad EA Khan Junaid J Khan Muhammad Shahzeb MS Khang Young-Ho YH Khatab Khaled K Khater Amir A Khater Mona M MM Khatony Alireza A Khazaei Mohammad M Khazaei Salman S Khazaei-Pool Maryam M Khubchandani Jagdish J Kianipour Neda N Kim Yun Jin YJ Kimokoti Ruth W RW Kinyoki Damaris K DK Kisa Adnan A Kisa Sezer S Kolola Tufa T Kosen Soewarta S Koul Parvaiz A PA Koyanagi Ai A Kraemer Moritz U G MUG Krishan Kewal K Krohn Kris J KJ Kugbey Nuworza N Kumar G Anil GA Kumar Manasi M Kumar Pushpendra P Kuupiel Desmond D Lacey Ben B Lad Sheetal D SD Lami Faris Hasan FH Larsson Anders O AO Lee Paul H PH Leili Mostafa M Levine Aubrey J AJ Li Shanshan S Lim Lee-Ling LL Listl Stefan S Longbottom Joshua J Lopez Jaifred Christian F JCF Lorkowski Stefan S Magdeldin Sameh S Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy HM Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy MM Majeed Azeem A Maleki Afshin A Malekzadeh Reza R Malta Deborah Carvalho DC Mamun Abdullah A AA Manafi Navid N Manda Ana-Laura AL Mansourian Morteza M Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio FR Masaka Anthony A Massenburg Benjamin Ballard BB Maulik Pallab K PK Mayala Benjamin K BK Mazidi Mohsen M McKee Martin M Mehrotra Ravi R Mehta Kala M KM Meles Gebrekiros Gebremichael GG Mendoza Walter W Menezes Ritesh G RG Meretoja Atte A Meretoja Tuomo J TJ Mestrovic Tomislav T Miller Ted R TR Miller-Petrie Molly K MK Mills Edward J EJ Milne George J GJ Mini G K GK Mir Seyed Mostafa SM Mirjalali Hamed H Mirrakhimov Erkin M EM Mohamadi Efat E Mohammad Dara K DK Mohammad Dara K DK Darwesh Aso Mohammad AM Mezerji Naser Mohammad Gholi NMG Mohammed Ammas Siraj AS Mohammed Shafiu S Mokdad Ali H AH Molokhia Mariam M Monasta Lorenzo L Moodley Yoshan Y Moosazadeh Mahmood M Moradi Ghobad G Moradi Masoud M Moradi Yousef Y Moradi-Lakeh Maziar M Moradinazar Mehdi M Moraga Paula P Morawska Lidia L Mosapour Abbas A Mousavi Seyyed Meysam SM Mueller Ulrich Otto UO Muluneh Atalay Goshu AG Mustafa Ghulam G Nabavizadeh Behnam B Naderi Mehdi M Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman AJ Nahvijou Azin A Najafi Farid F Nangia Vinay V Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith DE Neamati Nahid N Negoi Ionut I Negoi Ruxandra Irina RI Ngunjiri Josephine W JW Thi Nguyen Huong Lan HL Nguyen Long Hoang LH Nguyen Son Hoang SH Nielsen Katie R KR Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini DNA Nirayo Yirga Legesse YL Nixon Molly R MR Nnaji Chukwudi A CA Nojomi Marzieh M Noroozi Mehdi M Nosratnejad Shirin S Noubiap Jean Jacques JJ Motlagh Soraya Nouraei SN Ofori-Asenso Richard R Ogbo Felix Akpojene FA Oladimeji Kelechi E KE Olagunju Andrew T AT Olfatifar Meysam M Olum Solomon S Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola BO Oluwasanu Mojisola Morenike MM Onwujekwe Obinna E OE Oren Eyal E Ortega-Altamirano Doris D V DDV Ortiz Alberto A Osarenotor Osayomwanbo O Osei Frank B FB Osgood-Zimmerman Aaron E AE Otstavnov Stanislav S SS Owolabi Mayowa Ojo MO P A Mahesh M Pagheh Abdol Sattar AS Pakhale Smita S Panda-Jonas Songhomitra S Pandey Animika A Park Eun-Kee EK Parsian Hadi H Pashaei Tahereh T Patel Sangram Kishor SK Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino VCF Pereira Alexandre A Perkins Samantha S Pickering Brandon V BV Pilgrim Thomas T Pirestani Majid M Piroozi Bakhtiar B Pirsaheb Meghdad M Plana-Ripoll Oleguer O Pourjafar Hadi H Puri Parul P Qorbani Mostafa M Quintana Hedley H Rabiee Mohammad M Rabiee Navid N Radfar Amir A Rafiei Alireza A Rahim Fakher F Rahimi Zohreh Z Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa V Rahimzadeh Shadi S Rajati Fatemeh F Raju Sree Bhushan SB Ramezankhani Azra A Ranabhat Chhabi Lal CL Rasella Davide D Rashedi Vahid V Rawal Lal L Reiner Robert C RC Renzaho Andre M N AMN Rezaei Satar S Rezapour Aziz A Riahi Seyed Mohammad SM Ribeiro Ana Isabel AI Roever Leonardo L Roro Elias Merdassa EM Roser Max M Roshandel Gholamreza G Roshani Daem D Rostami Ali A Rubagotti Enrico E Rubino Salvatore S Sabour Siamak S Sadat Nafis N Sadeghi Ehsan E Saeedi Reza R Safari Yahya Y Safari-Faramani Roya R Safdarian Mahdi M Sahebkar Amirhossein A Salahshoor Mohammad Reza MR Salam Nasir N Salamati Payman P Salehi Farkhonde F Zahabi Saleh Salehi SS Salimi Yahya Y Salimzadeh Hamideh H Salomon Joshua A JA Sambala Evanson Zondani EZ Samy Abdallah M AM Santric Milicevic Milena M MM Jose Bruno Piassi Sao BPS Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer SYI Sarmiento-Suárez Rodrigo R Sartorius Benn B Sathian Brijesh B Saxena Sonia S Sbarra Alyssa N AN Schaeffer Lauren E LE Schwebel David C DC Sepanlou Sadaf G SG Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba S Shaahmadi Faramarz F Shaikh Masood Ali MA Shams-Beyranvand Mehran M Shamshirian Amir A Shamsizadeh Morteza M Sharafi Kiomars K Sharif Mehdi M Sharif-Alhoseini Mahdi M Sharifi Hamid H Sharma Jayendra J Sharma Rajesh R Sheikh Aziz A Shields Chloe C Shigematsu Mika M Shiri Rahman R Shiue Ivy I Shuval Kerem K Siddiqi Tariq J TJ Silva João Pedro JP Singh Jasvinder A JA Sinha Dhirendra Narain DN Sisay Malede Mequanent MM Sisay Solomon S Sliwa Karen K Smith David L DL Somayaji Ranjani R Soofi Moslem M Soriano Joan B JB Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T CT Sudaryanto Agus A Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale MB Sykes Bryan L BL Sylaja P N PN Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael R Tabb Karen M KM Tabuchi Takahiro T Taveira Nuno N Temsah Mohamad-Hani MH Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman AS Tessema Zemenu Tadesse ZT Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman KR Thirunavukkarasu Sathish S To Quyen G QG Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto MR Tran Bach Xuan BX Tran Khanh Bao KB Ullah Irfan I Usman Muhammad Shariq MS Uthman Olalekan A OA Vahedian-Azimi Amir A Valdez Pascual R PR van Boven Job F M JFM Vasankari Tommi Juhani TJ Vasseghian Yasser Y Veisani Yousef Y Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy N Violante Francesco S FS Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch SK Vlassov Vasily V Vos Theo T Vu Giang Thu GT Vujcic Isidora S IS Waheed Yasir Y Wakefield Jon J Wang Haidong H Wang Yafeng Y Wang Yuan-Pang YP Ward Joseph L JL Weintraub Robert G RG Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey KG Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay GT Westerman Ronny R Wiysonge Charles Shey CS Wondafrash Dawit Zewdu DZ Woyczynski Lauren L Wu Ai-Min AM Xu Gelin G Yadegar Abbas A Yamada Tomohide T Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid V Yilgwan Christopher Sabo CS Yip Paul P Yonemoto Naohiro N Lebni Javad Yoosefi JY Younis Mustafa Z MZ Yousefifard Mahmoud M Yousof Hebat-Allah Salah A HSA Yu Chuanhua C Yusefzadeh Hasan H Zabeh Erfan E Moghadam Telma Zahirian TZ Bin Zaman Sojib S Zamani Mohammad M Zandian Hamed H Zangeneh Alireza A Zerfu Taddese Alemu TA Zhang Yunquan Y Ziapour Arash A Zodpey Sanjay S Murray Christopher J L CJL Hay Simon I SI

Nature 20191016 7778

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000-2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children unde ...[more]

PMID: 31619795

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Project description:ObjectiveTo determine whether there were inequalities in the sustained rise in infant mortality in England in recent years and the contribution of rising child poverty to these trends.DesignThis is an analysis of trends in infant mortality in local authorities grouped into five categories (quintiles) based on their level of income deprivation. Fixed-effects regression models were used to quantify the association between regional changes in child poverty and regional changes in infant mortality.Setting324 English local authorities in 9 English government office regions.ParticipantsLive-born children under 1 year of age.Main outcome measureInfant mortality rate, defined as the number of deaths in children under 1 year of age per 100 000 live births in the same year.ResultsThe sustained and unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England from 2014 to 2017 was not experienced evenly across the population. In the most deprived local authorities, the previously declining trend in infant mortality reversed and mortality rose, leading to an additional 24 infant deaths per 100 000 live births per year (95% CI 6 to 42), relative to the previous trend. There was no significant change from the pre-existing trend in the most affluent local authorities. As a result, inequalities in infant mortality increased, with the gap between the most and the least deprived local authority areas widening by 52 deaths per 100 000 births (95% CI 36 to 68). Overall from 2014 to 2017, there were a total of 572 excess infant deaths (95% CI 200 to 944) compared with what would have been expected based on historical trends. We estimated that each 1% increase in child poverty was significantly associated with an extra 5.8 infant deaths per 100 000 live births (95% CI 2.4 to 9.2). The findings suggest that about a third of the increases in infant mortality between 2014 and 2017 can be attributed to rising child poverty (172 deaths, 95% CI 74 to 266).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the unprecedented rise in infant mortality disproportionately affected the poorest areas of the country, leaving the more affluent areas unaffected. Our analysis also linked the recent increase in infant mortality in England with rising child poverty, suggesting that about a third of the increase in infant mortality from 2014 to 2017 may be attributed to rising child poverty.

Project description:BackgroundTo inform actions at the district level under the National Nutrition Mission (NNM), we assessed the prevalence trends of child growth failure (CGF) indicators for all districts in India and inequality between districts within the states.MethodsWe assessed the trends of CGF indicators (stunting, wasting and underweight) from 2000 to 2017 across the districts of India, aggregated from 5 × 5 km grid estimates, using all accessible data from various surveys with subnational geographical information. The states were categorised into three groups using their Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels calculated as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study based on per capita income, mean education and fertility rate in women younger than 25 years. Inequality between districts within the states was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV). We projected the prevalence of CGF indicators for the districts up to 2030 based on the trends from 2000 to 2017 to compare with the NNM 2022 targets for stunting and underweight, and the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets for stunting and wasting. We assessed Pearson correlation coefficient between two major national surveys for district-level estimates of CGF indicators in the states.FindingsThe prevalence of stunting ranged 3.8-fold from 16.4% (95% UI 15.2-17.8) to 62.8% (95% UI 61.5-64.0) among the 723 districts of India in 2017, wasting ranged 5.4-fold from 5.5% (95% UI 5.1-6.1) to 30.0% (95% UI 28.2-31.8), and underweight ranged 4.6-fold from 11.0% (95% UI 10.5-11.9) to 51.0% (95% UI 49.9-52.1). 36.1% of the districts in India had stunting prevalence 40% or more, with 67.0% districts in the low SDI states group and only 1.1% districts in the high SDI states with this level of stunting. The prevalence of stunting declined significantly from 2010 to 2017 in 98.5% of the districts with a maximum decline of 41.2% (95% UI 40.3-42.5), wasting in 61.3% with a maximum decline of 44.0% (95% UI 42.3-46.7), and underweight in 95.0% with a maximum decline of 53.9% (95% UI 52.8-55.4). The CV varied 7.4-fold for stunting, 12.2-fold for wasting, and 8.6-fold for underweight between the states in 2017; the CV increased for stunting in 28 out of 31 states, for wasting in 16 states, and for underweight in 20 states from 2000 to 2017. In order to reach the NNM 2022 targets for stunting and underweight individually, 82.6% and 98.5% of the districts in India would need a rate of improvement higher than they had up to 2017, respectively. To achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 target for wasting, all districts in India would need a rate of improvement higher than they had up to 2017. The correlation between the two national surveys for district-level estimates was poor, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.7 only in Odisha and four small north-eastern states out of the 27 states covered by these surveys.InterpretationCGF indicators have improved in India, but there are substantial variations between the districts in their magnitude and rate of decline, and the inequality between districts has increased in a large proportion of the states. The poor correlation between the national surveys for CGF estimates highlights the need to standardise collection of anthropometric data in India. The district-level trends in this report provide a useful reference for targeting the efforts under NNM to reduce CGF across India and meet the Indian and global targets.

Project description:ImportanceLife expectancy has decreased in the US, driven largely by increases in drug poisoning, suicide, and alcohol-induced deaths. Assessing whether patterns of these causes differ is required to inform public health interventions.ObjectiveTo compare patterns and trends in drug poisoning, suicide, and alcohol-induced death rates by geography and demographic characteristics.Design, setting, and participantsThis serial cross-sectional study used national vital statistics data from the entire US population from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017, among US residents aged 20 to 64 years. Data were analyzed from January through August 2019.ExposuresAge, sex, race/ethnicity, county-level percentage of unemployment, rurality, and geography.Main outcomes and measuresDeaths were categorized as due to drug poisoning, suicide, or alcohol-induced causes based on underlying cause of death. Age-standardized incidence rates and annual percentage changes (APCs) in rates were estimated. Clusters of high-rate counties were identified with hot spot analysis. Excess deaths during 2001 to 2017 were estimated for each cause as the difference between the number of deaths observed and expected if rates had remained stable starting in 2000.ResultsDuring 2000 to 2017, 1 446 177 drug poisoning, suicide, and alcohol-induced premature deaths occurred in the US, including 563 765 drug poisoning deaths (age-standardized rate: 17.6 per 100 000 person-years [PYs]), 517 679 suicides (age-standardized rate: 15.8 per 100 000 PYs), and 364 733 alcohol-induced deaths (age-standardized rate: 10.5 per 100 000 PYs), totaling 451 596 more deaths than expected based on 2000 rates. High drug poisoning death rates were clustered in the Northeast through Appalachia, yet rates of suicide and alcohol-induced deaths were highest in the West. Only suicide death rates were highest in rural areas. Drug poisoning death rates were highest among people aged 35 to 49 years (age-standardized rate: 23.7 per 100 000 PYs), whereas suicide and alcohol-induced death rates peaked among people aged 50 to 64 years (suicide age-standardized rate: 19.6 per 100 000 PYs; alcohol-induced age-standardized death rate: 26.8 per 100 000 PYs). Increases occurred over time across racial/ethnic groups, although trajectories and inflection years varied. Drug poisoning (2013-2017 APC, 15.0% [95% CI, 11-8%-18.3%] per year) and alcohol-induced death rates (2012-2017 APC, 4.1% [95% CI, 3.3%-4.9%] per year) have accelerated recently, while increases in suicide death rates have largely increased at a constant trajectory (2000-2017 APC, 1.8% [95% CI, 1.7%-1.9%] per year).Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study found that demographic characteristics and geographic patterns varied by cause of death, suggesting that increasing death rates from these causes were not concentrated in 1 group or region. Specialized interventions tailored for the underlying drivers of each cause of death are urgently needed.

Dataset Information

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Publications

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

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