Perceptions of Smoking and Vaping on Weight Control Among Adult American Indians Who Smoke.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rhoades DA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6800397 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Perceptions of Smoking and Vaping on Weight Control Among Adult American Indians Who Smoke.
Rhoades Dorothy A DA Comiford Ashley L AL Dvorak Justin D JD Ding Kai K Hopkins Michelle M Spicer Paul P Wagener Theodore L TL Doescher Mark P MP
Journal of community health 20191201 6
Interest in electronic cigarette (EC) use, or vaping, to help control weight is increasing. Many American Indian (AI) populations have a high prevalence of smoking, obesity, and EC use, but their perceptions of EC use for weight control are unknown. In Oklahoma in 2016, 375 AI adults who smoke completed a survey including perceptions about smoking and EC effects on weight control. Only 24% believed that smoking helps control weight, and 8% believed that vaping helps control weight. Perceptions d ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundThe smoking behavior of American Indians (AI) differs from that of non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Typically light smokers, cessation interventions in AIs are generally less effective. To develop more effective cessation programs for AIs, clinicians, researchers, and public health workers need a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in their smoking behavior. Our aim was to assess whether SNPs associated with smoking behavior in NHWs are also associated with smoking in AIs.MethodsWe collected questionnaire data on smoking behaviors and analyzed blood and saliva samples from two Tribal populations with dramatically different cultures and smoking prevalence, one in the Northern Plains (n = 323) and the other in the Southwest (n = 176). A total of 384 SNPs were genotyped using an Illumina custom GoldenGate platform. Samples were also assessed for cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine as markers of nicotine intake and nicotine metabolite ratio.ResultsAmong 499 participants, we identified, in the Northern Plains sample only, a variant of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) (rs2119767) on chromosome 4p that was associated with many of the intake biomarkers of smoking we examined, suggesting a role for this gene in modifying smoking behavior in this population. We also identified three SNPs, in the Southwest sample only, as significant correlates of only cigarettes per day: rs4274224, rs4245147 (both dopamine receptor D2 gene), and rs1386493 (tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene).ConclusionsThe contribution of many genes known to underlie smoking behaviors in NHWs may differ in AIs.ImpactOnce validated, these variants could be useful in developing more effective cessation strategies.
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Project description:IntroductionMany American Indian communities have a high prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use, but factors associated with their dual use are rarely studied.MethodsIn 2016, a total of 375 American Indian adults who smoke completed paper surveys regarding cigarette and e-cigarette use and provided saliva for cotinine levels. In 2018, cross-sectional analyses were performed, comparing dual users (12%), defined as using e-cigarettes on some or every day for the past 30 days, with never users of e-cigarettes (37%).ResultsCompared with never users, dual users were younger, more often reported history of depression (56% and 29%, respectively; p<0.01) and family history of smoking-related disease (77% and 59%, respectively; p<0.05), had lower harm perceptions of e-cigarettes (27% and 47%, respectively; p<0.01) or vapor (14% and 35%, respectively; p<0.01), and more often perceived e-cigarettes as cessation aids (75% and 16%, respectively; p<0.01) and as less harmful than cigarettes (70% and 17%, respectively; p<0.01). Dual users were less often uncertain/unknowing about e-cigarette benefits or harms (p<0.01) and more often reported likelihood to quit smoking (49% and 24%, respectively; p<0.01) and prior attempt to quit smoking, ever (89% and 67%, respectively; p<0.01) or in the past year (55% and 32%, respectively; p=0.01). Cigarette consumption and cotinine levels did not differ between groups. Dual users more often tried other nicotine products (p<0.02) and more often lived with a vaping partner/spouse (45% and 6%, respectively; p<0.01).ConclusionsDual users perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes and more as cessation aids than cigarette-only users did, but cigarette consumption did not differ between groups. Whether e-cigarettes will reduce smoking-related disparities among American Indian people remains undetermined.
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Project description:Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death among American Indian and Alaska Natives, AI/ANs. Two out of every five AI/AN will die from tobacco-related diseases if the current smoking rates of AI/ANs (40.8%) persist. Currently, there is no proven, effective culturally-tailored smoking cessation program designed specifically for a heterogeneous population of AI.The primary aim of this group randomized clinical trial is to test the efficacy of "All Nations Breath of Life" (ANBL) program compared to a non-tailored "Current Best Practices" smoking cessation program among AI smokers.We will randomize 56 groups (8 smokers per group) to the tailored program or non-tailored program for a total sample size of 448 American Indian smokers. All participants in the proposed study will be offered pharmacotherapy, regardless of group assignment. This study is the first controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a culturally-tailored smoking cessation program for American Indians. If the intervention is successful, the potential health impact is significant because the prevalence of smoking is the highest in this population.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01106456.
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Project description:IntroductionFew studies have assessed the association between exposure to movie smoking and urge to smoke under real-world conditions.MethodsWe conducted exit interviews with 4,073 movie patrons, of whom 2,817 were aged 18 years or older. Some 536 were smokers and had complete data. Subjects had exited 26 movies, of which 12 contained smoking. We used least squares regression to assess the association between exposure to movie smoking and urge to smoke (scale range 0-10), controlling for movie rating, age, sex, heaviness of smoking index (HSI, range 0-6), and time since last cigarette smoked.ResultsMedian age was 27 years and 52% were female. Median urge to smoke level at movie exit was 7. The dose-response between higher categories of movie smoking and median urge to smoke was one point for two lower categories (1-11 and 11-54 s) and two for the highest category (>or=55 s), but these differences were not statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis, attendance of a movie with smoking was associated with a 0.81-point increase (95% CI = 0.46-1.16) in urge to smoke. For comparison, an HSI score of 3 (vs. 0) was associated with a 2-point increase in urge to smoke.DiscussionIn this sample of adult smokers, exposure to movie smoking was associated with higher urge to smoke after the movie, independent of movie rating. The effect size was consistent with responses seen in cue reactivity experiments. Exposure to movie smoking may affect urge to smoke among adult smokers.
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