Dataset Information

Association of Secondhand Smoking Exposure With Choroidal Thinning in Children Aged 6 to 8 Years: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

ABSTRACT: Importance:Secondhand smoking is a risk to adult ocular health, but its effect on children's ocular development is not known. Objective:To assess the association between choroidal thickness and secondhand smoking exposure in children. Design, Setting, and Participants:Children aged 6 to 8 years were consecutively recruited from January 2016 to July 2017 from the population-based Hong Kong Children Eye Study at the Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmic investigations. Choroidal thickness was measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography, with built-in software that automatically segmented the choroid layer to analyze its terrain imagery. History of secondhand smoking was obtained from a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the correlation between choroidal thickness and secondhand exposure when controlling for confounding factors. Analysis began July 2018 and ended in April 2019. Main Outcomes and Measurements:The association between children's choroidal thickness and their exposure to secondhand smoking. Results:Of 1400 children, 941 (67.2%) had no exposure to secondhand smoking, and 459 (32.8%) had exposure to secondhand smoking. The mean (SD) age was 7.65?(1.09) years for children in the nonexposure group and 7.54?(1.11) years for children in the exposure group. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, axial length, and birth weight, exposure to secondhand smoking was associated with a thinner choroid by 8.3 ?m in the central subfield, 7.2 ?m in the inner inferior, 6.4 ?m in the outer inferior, 6.4 ?m in the inner temporal, and 7.3 ?m in the outer temporal. Choroidal thinning with also associated with increased number of family smokers and increased quantity of secondhand smoking. An increase of 1 family smoker was associated with choroidal thinning by 7.86 ?m in the central subfield, 4.51 ?m in the outer superior, 6.23 ?m in the inner inferior, 5.59 ?m in the outer inferior, 6.06 ?m in the inner nasal, and 6.55 ?m in the outer nasal. An increase of exposure to 1 secondhand cigarette smoke per day was associated with choroidal thinning by 0.54 ?m in the central subfield, 0.42 ?m in the inner temporal, and 0.47 ?m in the outer temporal. Conclusions and Relevance:This investigation showed that exposure to secondhand smoking in children was associated with choroidal thinning along with a dose-dependent effect. These results support evidence regarding the potential hazards of secondhand smoking to children.

SUBMITTER: Yuan N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6802252 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of Secondhand Smoking Exposure With Choroidal Thinning in Children Aged 6 to 8 Years: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Yuan Nan N Li Jian J Tang Shumin S Li Fen Fen FF Lee Chun On CO Ng Mandy P H MPH Cheung Carol Y CY Tham Clement C CC Pang Chi Pui CP Chen Li Jia LJ Yam Jason C JC

JAMA ophthalmology 20191201 12

<h4>Importance</h4>Secondhand smoking is a risk to adult ocular health, but its effect on children's ocular development is not known.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the association between choroidal thickness and secondhand smoking exposure in children.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>Children aged 6 to 8 years were consecutively recruited from January 2016 to July 2017 from the population-based Hong Kong Children Eye Study at the Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre. All participants ...[more]

PMID: 31621803

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Project description:ImportanceParental astigmatism is a factor associated with risk for development of child astigmatism; however, the magnitude of the association has not been determined.ObjectiveTo determine the association between parental and child astigmatism.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based, cross-sectional study included participants from familial trios, each comprising a child aged 6 to 8 years and both parents, recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. No restriction criteria were set on the children in terms of refractive status. Data were analyzed from February to June 2022.ExposuresCycloplegic autorefraction and autokeratometry were conducted on the children, whereas noncycloplegic autorefraction and autokeratometry were conducted on their parents. The children were categorized into 6 groups on the basis of the severity of astigmatism of both parents. Information on parental education, family income, and children's outdoor and near work time were obtained by questionnaires.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was the odds of child astigmatism among the 6 categories of children. Associations of factors with child astigmatism were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 17 124 participants from 5708 trios (2964 boys and 2754 girls) at a mean (SD) age of 7.32 (0.87) years, and 11 416 parents were examined. Astigmatism of 1.0 D or greater in both parents was associated with greater odds of refractive astigmatism (RA) (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.26) and corneal astigmatism (CA) (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.50-2.50) in the child. The respective ORs increased to 3.10 (95% CI, 1.34-7.21) and 4.31 (95% CI, 1.76-10.55) when both parents had astigmatism 2.0 D or greater. Higher parental astigmatism conferred higher risks for both RA and CA in children (P for trend <.001). Parental astigmatism was significantly associated with greater odds of corresponding child astigmatism (maternal RA: OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84; paternal RA: OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91; maternal CA: OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.93; paternal CA: OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.49).Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that parental astigmatism may confer an independent and dose-dependent association with child astigmatism. Children with parents with astigmatism should have early eye examinations for timely detection of astigmatism to facilitate age-appropriate vision correction and visual development.

Project description:IntroductionSecondhand smoking (SHS) may be a risk factor for obesity in adolescence, but data on the association between SHS and obesity are scarce, especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between SHS and obesity among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 38 LMICs.MethodsCross-sectional data from 38 LMICs that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were analyzed. Body mass index was calculated based on measured weight and height. The 2007 WHO Child Growth reference was used to define obesity. SHS was categorized as no exposure, non-daily exposure (ie, 1-6 days), and daily exposure (ie, 7 days) based on the number of days exposed to secondhand smoke in the past 7 days. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analyses were conducted to assess the associations.ResultsThe analyzed sample consisted of 88 209 adolescents aged 12-15 years who never smoked. The overall prevalence of non-daily and daily SHS was 34.2% and 15.7%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with no SHS, there was no significant association between non-daily SHS and obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86-1.02), but adolescents who reported daily SHS were significantly more likely to have obesity (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.06-1.34).ConclusionsThe prevalence of SHS was high among adolescents in LMICs, and daily SHS was associated with a significant increase in odds of obesity. Future studies with longitudinal designs are warranted to assess causality and whether prevention of SHS can reduce the risk of obesity in adolescence.ImplicationsIn the present large multi-country study on adolescents aged 12-15 years from LMICs, nearly half of the students were exposed to non-daily or daily secondhand smoke. Overall, while non-daily SHS was not significantly associated with obesity, adolescents who reported daily SHS had a significant 1.19 (95% CI = 1.06-1.34) times higher odds of obesity than those who reported no exposure to secondhand smoke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-country study on SHS and obesity from LMICs, and also the largest study on this topic to date.

Dataset Information

Association of Secondhand Smoking Exposure With Choroidal Thinning in Children Aged 6 to 8 Years: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Publications

Association of Secondhand Smoking Exposure With Choroidal Thinning in Children Aged 6 to 8 Years: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

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