Video lecturing in Clicker-assisted English flipped class.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhonggen Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6804959 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This paper describes the adaptation of a flipped Biomedical Electronics course with laboratories to remote learning at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. In class collaborative work on problem sets was replaced by group work (4–5 students) in Zoom breakout sessions. When the groups assembled at random for each class had sufficiently progressed on a problem, a detailed solution was typed on the Multisim circuit simulator desktop (National Instruments) shared on the instructor screen. A laboratory project dealing with the development of an electromyograph (EMG) was redesigned for in-depth exploration of each circuit block composing the EMG circuit that was only feasible with the circuit simulator. The students progressed through the remote section of the course at the same rate as they had in the physical classroom in prior years. Student pairs finished a more complete virtual EMG laboratory project without being hampered by manipulation errors that are typical of novices when assembling hardware circuits. We conclude that a flipped biomedical electronics course can successfully be offered remotely and that virtual electronics laboratories that make use of a circuit simulator can provide a complete and meaningful learning experience. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s43683-020-00037-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
| S-EPMC7609358 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThere have been several educational reforms calling for increasing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) education materials, application of basic sciences to clinical medicine, and active engagement of students. While the amount of educational materials for LGBT clinical cases is increasing, this session for preclinical medical students uniquely combines basic science population genetics, cisgender lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) cultural issues and reproductive endocrinology in a 1.5-hour flipped classroom session.MethodsStudents were assigned a prediscussion video and reading. Facilitators attended a 1.5-hour training session prior to discussion. Each classroom of 30 students with small groups of six was led by a third- or fourth-year medical student facilitator who taught from a PowerPoint that included discussion questions. An audience response system was used to show aggregated, real-time anonymous responses to case questions, a pre- and postsurvey was used to analyze changes in student attitudes and knowledge of assisted reproduction services for same-sex couples, and course evaluations captured overarching student impressions.ResultsAll first-year students (N = 180) attended this mandatory session. Audience response questions showed a high level of knowledge of population genetics concepts. Voluntary surveys showed a higher number of assisted reproduction recommendations for LGB patients compared to heterosexual patients before discussion, with this difference disappearing after the discussion. This may indicate a shift in student attitudes and knowledge of LGB patient barriers and assisted reproduction. Course evaluations showed appreciation of LGB material integration within the course.DiscussionEducators will be able to successfully integrate the application of population genetics, assisted reproduction cases, and an examination of cultural barriers in health care for LGB patients with this session.
| S-EPMC6354801 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two sections of Genetics and Evolution were taught by one instructor. One group (the fully flipped section) had the entire class period devoted to active learning (with background material that had to be watched before class), and the other group (the partially flipped section) had just a portion of class time spent on active learning (with the background material presented during class time). The same materials and assessments were used for both sections. Analysis of objective measures revealed that there was no significant difference between the learning outcomes of students in the two sections. There was no main effect of gender, major, or ethnicity on success in the whole cohort or in either section. There appeared to be a significant main effect of class standing, with freshmen performing significantly less well than sophomores, juniors, or seniors (who all performed equally well) in both sections (p < 0.01); however, this was a very preliminary observation, as there were very few freshmen in either section. The only predictor of success in the two sections was prior grade point average. An anonymous end-of-semester survey showed no significant difference between the two sections in interest in the subject matter.
| S-EPMC4909333 | biostudies-literature
Project description:"Flipped classroom" has subverted the traditional classroom teaching model and is believed to have a positive impact on knowledge acquisition and skill training for higher education students. The pre-class learning phase is considered a key factor in the success of flipped classrooms. However, currently, the pre-class learning phase of flipped classrooms mainly relies on video watching, which makes students passive receivers. Teachers need to invest a lot of time and resources in developing online videos, which greatly increases students' learning time and tasks. This also hinders the promotion of this teaching model. This study designs a pre-active learning strategy based on student participation in video production and a flipped classroom teaching model, and uses questionnaire surveys and interviews to observe students' reactions, explore its impact on students' satisfaction, and empirically analyze the path it affects students' satisfaction. We found that in the pre-class phase, the greater the ease of use and usefulness perceived by students in video production, the higher the students' satisfaction. Perceived enjoyment and perceived value are important intermediary paths. In addition, based on the research results, this study proposes suggestions for a flipped classroom teaching model based on video production. The results of this study will provide important references for the pre-class learning phase of flipped classrooms.
| S-EPMC10966700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Accurate mediastinal lymph node dissection during thoracotomy is mandatory for staging and for adjuvant therapy in lung cancer. Pre-therapeutic staging for neoadjuvant therapy or for video assisted thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer is achieved usually by CT-scan and mediastinoscopy. However, these methods do not reach the accuracy of open nodal dissection. Therefore we developed a technique of radical video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy (VAMLA). This study was designed to show that VAMLA is feasible and that radicality of lymphadenectomy is comparable to the open procedure.In a prospective study all VAMLA procedures were registered and followed up in a database. Specimens of VAMLA were analysed by a single pathologist. Lymph nodes were counted and compared to open lymphadenectomy. The weight of the dissected tissue was documented. In patients receiving tumour resection subsequently to VAMLA, radicality of the previous mediastinoscopic dissection was controlled during thoracotomy.37 patients underwent video-assisted mediastinoscopy from June 1999 to April 2000. Mean duration of anaesthesia was 84.6 (SD 35.8) minutes.In 7 patients radical lymphadenectomy was not intended because of bulky nodal disease or benign disease. The remaining 30 patients underwent complete systematic nodal dissection as VAMLA.18 patients received tumour resection subsequently (12 right- and 6 left-sided thoracotomies). These thoracotomies allowed open re-dissection of 12 paratracheal regions, 10 of which were found free of lymphatic tissue. In two patients, 1 and 2 left over paratracheal nodes were counted respectively. 10/18 re-dissected subcarinal regions were found to be radically dissected by VAMLA. In 6 patients one single node and in the remaining 2 cases 5 and 8 nodes were found, respectively. However these counts also included nodes from the ipsilateral main bronchus. None of these nodes was positive for tumour.Average weight of the tissue that was harvested by VAMLA was 10.1 g (2.2-23.7, SD 6.3). An average number of 20.5 (6-60, SD 12.5) nodes per patient were counted in the specimens. This is comparable to our historical data from open lymphadenectomy.One palsy of the recurrent nerve in a patient with extensive preparation of the nerve and resection of 11 left-sided enlarged nodes was the only severe complication in this series.VAMLA seems to accomplish mediastinal nodal dissection comparable to open lymphadenectomy and supports video assisted surgery for lung cancer. In neoadjuvant setting a correct mediastinal N-staging is achieved.
| S-EPMC3011310 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The management of hemothorax (spontaneous or, more often, due to thoracic trauma lesions), follows basic tenets well-respected by cardiothoracic surgeons. In most, a non-operative approach is adequate and safe, with a defined group of patients requiring only tube thoracostomy. Only a minority of patients need a surgical intervention due to retained hemothorax, persistent bleeding or incoming complications, as pleural empyema or entrapped lung. In the early 1990s, the rapid technological developments determined an increase of diagnostic and therapeutical indications for multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) as the gold standard therapy for retained and persistent hemothorax, allowing an earlier diagnosis, total clots removal and better tubes placement with less morbidity, reduced post-operative pain and shorter hospital stay. There is no consensus in the literature regarding the timing for draining hemothorax, but best results are obtained when the drainage is performed within the first 5 days after the onset. The traditional multi-port approach has evolved in the last years into an uniportal approach that mimics open surgical vantage points utilizing a non-rib-spreading single small incision. Currently, in experienced hands, this technique is used for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as hemothorax evacuation as like as the more complex procedures, such as lobectomies or bronchial sleeve and vascular reconstructions.
| S-EPMC5639032 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this paper, I present the technique of subxiphoid single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) thymectomy for thoracic surgeons to perform this procedure safely. This procedure is indicated for all anterior mediastinal masses and may be extended to lung cancer. The patient is placed in the lithotomy position, and the operator should be on the midline. Below the xiphoid process, a skin incision is made 4-5 cm horizontally at a single thumb's width down. Under two-lung ventilation, CO2 is insufflated, maintaining 10 mm Hg. The fat tissue and thymic tissue are all resected from the sternum and pericardium between both phrenic nerves using an articulated grasper and an energy device. After retrieval of the mass with a wrap bag, a Jackson-Pratt drain is inserted instead of a chest tube. One of the advantages of this procedure is less postoperative pain than intercostal VATS. The subxiphoid approach can be used for bilateral pneumothorax, bilateral pulmonary metastasectomy, and simple lobectomy for both upper lobes and the right middle lobe.
| S-EPMC8350469 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionNeonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) providers actively manage medical transports. However, there is wide variation in transport education among fellowship programs. Using the flipped classroom methodology, we developed a video and case-based transport education curriculum.MethodsA national needs assessment identified safety, communication skills, and physiology as the most important aspects of transport management. Three 10-minute video modules and two 20-minute case-based discussions were developed to address this content. Using the flipped classroom format, seven NPM fellows from all three postgraduate years of training took part in the curriculum by individually viewing each video followed by participation in group case-based discussions. Cognitive and affective outcomes were assessed using a knowledge and attitude pretest, individual video module posttests, and a postcurriculum follow-up survey.ResultsNPM fellows showed significant improvements in transport knowledge and reported increased confidence in their ability to perform important transport roles. Case discussions were adaptable to learners who had different levels of training and had variable transport experience. Case discussions were successfully executed both in person and by video telecommunications during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.DiscussionThis transport curriculum addressed a national education gap in NPM fellowship training. Using the flipped classroom methodology, cognitive and affective objectives were achieved by improving knowledge and confidence in transport skills among NPM learners. The video and case-based formats were easily implemented, applicable to multiple types of learners, and adaptable to different environments.
| S-EPMC7880257 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCytokines play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and are essential modulators of injury repair mechanisms. While minimally invasive operations have been shown to induce lower levels of cytokines compared to open thoracotomy, the inflammatory cytokine profile difference between video-assisted (VATS) and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) techniques has yet to be elucidated.MethodsIn this prospective observational study of 45 patients undergoing RATS (n=30) or VATS (n=15) lung resection for malignancy, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP)-1, and endothelial growth factor (EGF) were measured before and after surgery via immunoassay.ResultsLevels of IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients undergoing VATS than in patients undergoing RATS (P<0.001 and P=0.005, respectively) 2 hours following surgery. MCP-1 levels were also found to be significantly higher in the VATS group (P<0.001) 24 hours following surgery. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and EGF levels were not significantly different at any time-point comparing VATS to RATS.ConclusionsThe VATS approach is associated with a more robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response through the upregulation of MCP-1 and IL-6 when compared to the RATS approach in patients undergoing anatomic lung resection. Further studies are necessary to validate the clinical significance of this finding.
| S-EPMC9264093 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe major advantages of robot-assisted surgery are the fine field of view provided by the high-precision three-dimensional (3D) images and the good operability provided by the robotic arms that enables precise movements. A growing number of retrospective studies have compared robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), but the number of cases is limited and the results are contradictory.MethodsWe studied the medical records of primary lung cancer patients who underwent lobectomy with lymph node dissection between 2017 and 2020. Four hundred and eleven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria in this study (RATS: 103; VATS: 308). We compared the perioperative factors and postoperative results of the VATS and RATS groups. Further, we adjusted background factors using propensity score matching (PSM) then compared the results of 200 patients (100 patients in each group). In this study, we matched interlobar fissure completeness, which affects operative difficulty and operative time; however, this has been superficially compared in previous studies.ResultsAfter PSM, a significant difference was observed in the intraoperative blood loss (RATS: 53.3 mL, VATS: 120.3 mL, P=0.04). The rates of surgical complications were comparable between the groups (10.0% vs. 13.0%, P=0.66) with similar mean operation times (RATS: 215.0 min, VATS: 210.1 min, P=0.57). The mean postoperative stay in the RATS group was shorter than that in the VATS group (10.0 vs. 11.5 days, P=0.04).ConclusionsInitial experience of RATS had no obvious drawbacks when compared with that of VATS on propensity-matched analysis.
| S-EPMC9264105 | biostudies-literature