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Characterization and Comparative Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus Genomic Island vSaβ: an In Silico Approach.

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread opportunistic pathogen to humans and animals. Of its genome, 20 to 25% varies between strains and consists of phages, pathogenicity islands, transposons, and genomic islands. S. aureus harbors up to three genomic islands, vSaα, vSaβ, and vSaγ. The vSaβ region of S. aureus can encode a number of virulence-associated factors, such as serine proteases, leukocidins, enterotoxins, bacteriocins, or a hyaluronate lyase. In this study, the vSaβ regions of 103 clinically relevant S. aureus strains were characterized in silico and compared to the three predefined vSaβ types. We here suggest a superordinate system of 15 different vSaβ types, of which 12 were newly defined. Each vSaβ type has a distinct structure with a distinct set of genes, which are both highly conserved. Between the different types, gene content and composition vary substantially. Based on our data, a strain's vSaβ type is strongly coupled with its clonal complex, suggesting that vSaβ was acquired in an ancestral S. aureus strain, arguably by phage mediation, before differentiation into clonal complexes. In addition, we addressed the issue of ambiguous nomenclature in the serine protease gene cluster and propose a novel, phylogeny-based nomenclature of the cluster contained in the vSaβ region.IMPORTANCE With the rapid increase of available sequencing data on clinically relevant bacterial species such as S. aureus, the genomic basis of clinical phenotypes can be investigated in much more detail, allowing a much deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in disease. We characterized in detail the S. aureus genomic island vSaβ and defined a superordinate system to categorize S. aureus strains based on their vSaβ type, providing information about the strains' virulence-associated genes and clinical potential.

SUBMITTER: Klaui AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6805111 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization and Comparative Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus Genomic Island vSaβ: an In Silico Approach.

Kläui Anita J AJ Boss Renate R Graber Hans U HU

Journal of bacteriology 20191021 22

Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread opportunistic pathogen to humans and animals. Of its genome, 20 to 25% varies between strains and consists of phages, pathogenicity islands, transposons, and genomic islands. S. aureus harbors up to three genomic islands, vSaα, vSaβ, and vSaγ. The vSaβ region of S. aureus can encode a number of virulence-associated factors, such as serine proteases, leukocidins, enterotoxins, bacteriocins, or a hyaluronate lya ...[more]

PMID: 31451542

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Project description:BackgroundBovine mastitis accounts for significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent of bovine mastitis. Investigating the prevalence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance would provide insight into the molecular epidemiology of mastitis-associated S. aureus strains. The present study is focused on the whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 41 mastitis-associated S. aureus strains isolated from India.ResultsThe results elucidate explicit knowledge of 15 diverse sequence types (STs) and five clonal complexes (CCs). The clonal complexes CC8 and CC97 were found to be the predominant genotypes comprising 21 and 10 isolates, respectively. The mean genome size was 2.7 Mbp with a 32.7% average GC content. The pan-genome of the Indian strains of mastitis-associated S. aureus is almost closed. The genome-wide SNP-based phylogenetic analysis differentiated 41 strains into six major clades. Sixteen different spa types were identified, and eight isolates were untypeable. The cgMLST analysis of all S. aureus genome sequences reported from India revealed that S. aureus strain MUF256, isolated from wound fluids of a diabetic patient, was the common ancestor. Further, we observed that all the Indian mastitis-associated S. aureus isolates belonging to the CC97 are mastitis-associated. We identified 17 different antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes among these isolates, and all the isolates used in this study were susceptible to methicillin. We also identified 108 virulence-associated genes and discuss their associations with different genotypes.ConclusionThis is the first study presenting a comprehensive whole genome analysis of bovine mastitis-associated S. aureus isolates from India. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the genome diversity, major genotypes, antimicrobial resistome, and virulome of clinical and subclinical mastitis-associated S. aureus strains.

Dataset Information

Characterization and Comparative Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus Genomic Island vSaβ: an In Silico Approach.

Publications

Characterization and Comparative Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus Genomic Island <i>v</i>Saβ: an <i>In Silico</i> Approach.

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