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Reduced size at birth and persisting reductions in adiposity in recent, compared with earlier, cohorts of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:This study aimed to explore the infancy growth trajectories of 'recent' and 'earlier' offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (OGDM), each compared with the same control infants, and investigate whether 'recent' OGDM still exhibit a classical phenotype, with macrosomia and increased adiposity. METHODS:Within a prospective observational birth cohort, 98 'earlier' OGDM born between 2001 and 2009 were identified using 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing at 28 weeks gestation, 122 recent OGDM born between 2011 and 2013 were recruited postnatally through antenatal diabetes clinics, and 876 normal birthweight infants of mothers with no history of diabetes were recruited across the full study period as the control group. All infants followed the same study protocol (measurements at birth, 3, 12 and 24 months, including weight, length and skinfold thickness indicating adiposity, and detailed demographic data). In all cases, GDM was defined using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria. RESULTS:Earlier OGDM had higher birthweight SD scores (SDS) than control infants. Conversely, recent OGDM had similar birthweight- and length SDS to control infants (mean?±?SD, 0.1?±?1.0 and-?0.1?±?0.9, respectively), but lower mean skinfold thickness SDS (-0.4?±?0.6 vs 0.0?±?0.9; p?

SUBMITTER: Prentice PM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6805804 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduced size at birth and persisting reductions in adiposity in recent, compared with earlier, cohorts of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Prentice Philippa M PM Olga Laurentya L Petry Clive J CJ Simmons David D Murphy Helen R HR Hughes Ieuan A IA Acerini Carlo L CL Ong Ken K KK Dunger David B DB

Diabetologia 20190809 11

<h4>Aims/hypothesis</h4>This study aimed to explore the infancy growth trajectories of 'recent' and 'earlier' offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (OGDM), each compared with the same control infants, and investigate whether 'recent' OGDM still exhibit a classical phenotype, with macrosomia and increased adiposity.<h4>Methods</h4>Within a prospective observational birth cohort, 98 'earlier' OGDM born between 2001 and 2009 were identified using 75 g oral glucose tolerance testin ...[more]

PMID: 31396660

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Project description:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome comprising obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease has been on the rise world-wide in recent years. As non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus have their roots in prenatal development and conditions such as maternal gestational diabetes (GDM), we aimed to test this hypothesis in primary cells derived from the offspring of GDM mothers compared to control subjects. Methods We have assessed primary umbilical cord derived cells such as human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) from both, the offspring of GDM and healthy mothers. We have compared the primary isolates in cell based assays measuring proliferation, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, as well as the ability to support blood vessel growth. We conducted gene expression microarray studies with subsequent pathway analysis and candidate gene validation. Results We observed striking differences between the two groups such as lower metabolic rates and impairment of tube formation in cells with GDM background. HUVECs from subjects with maternal GDM have lower expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-Xl suggesting compromised angiogenic capabilities. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed blood vessel formation as a major pathway enriched in the GDM derived HUVECs with the surface marker CD44 as a significant gene under-expressed in the GDM group. Functional validation of CD44 revealed that it regulates tube formation in HUVECs thereby providing new insights into a novel pathway imprinted in primary umbilical cord derived cells from GDM offspring. Conclusions/interpretation Our data demonstrate that primary cells isolated from the umbilical cord of offspring born to GDM mothers maintain metabolic and molecular imprints of maternal hyperglycemia, which occurred during prenatal development reflecting an enhanced risk for cardiovascular disease later in life.

Dataset Information

Reduced size at birth and persisting reductions in adiposity in recent, compared with earlier, cohorts of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Publications

Reduced size at birth and persisting reductions in adiposity in recent, compared with earlier, cohorts of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Similar Datasets

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