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Rice of Northeast India harbor rich genetic diversity as measured by SSR markers and Zn/Fe content.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops of the world and a major staple food for half of the World's human population. The Northeastern (NE) region of India lies in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and about 45% of the total flora of the country is found in the region. Local rice cultivars from different states of NE India were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure using microsatellite markers, and their zinc and iron content. RESULTS:A total of 149 bands were detected using twenty-two microsatellite markers comprising both random and trait-linked markers, showing 100% polymorphism and high value of expected heterozygosity (0.6311) and the polymorphism information content (0.5895). Nali Dhan cultivar of Arunachal Pradesh possessed the highest genetic diversity (0.3545) among studied populations while Moirangphou Khonganbi of Manipur exhibited the lowest genetic diversity (0.0343). The model-based population structure revealed that all the studied 65 rice cultivars were grouped into two clusters. Cluster I was represented by 36 cultivars and cluster II by 29 cultivars. Badalsali cultivar of Assam possessed the highest Zn content (75.8??g/g) and Kapongla from Manipur possessed the lowest (17.98??g/g). The highest and the lowest Fe content was found in Fazu (215.62??g/g) and Idaw (11.42??g/g) of Mizoram. CONCLUSION:The result suggested rice cultivars of NE India possessing high genetic diversity (Nali dhan), high Zn (Badalsali) and Fe (Fazu) content can be useful as a source of germplasm for future rice improvement programs.

SUBMITTER: Vanlalsanga

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6806518 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rice of Northeast India harbor rich genetic diversity as measured by SSR markers and Zn/Fe content.

Vanlalsanga Singh S Priyokumar SP Singh Y Tunginba YT

BMC genetics 20191023 1

<h4>Background</h4>Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops of the world and a major staple food for half of the World's human population. The Northeastern (NE) region of India lies in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and about 45% of the total flora of the country is found in the region. Local rice cultivars from different states of NE India were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure using microsatellite markers, and their zinc and iron content.<h4>Results< ...[more]

PMID: 31646978

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Project description:BACKGROUND:High yielding rice varieties are usually low in grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content. These two micronutrients are involved in many enzymatic activities, lack of which cause many disorders in human body. Bio-fortification is a cheaper and easier way to improve the content of these nutrients in rice grain. RESULTS:A population panel was prepared representing all the phenotypic classes for grain Fe-Zn content from 485 germplasm lines. The panel was studied for genetic diversity, population structure and association mapping of grain Fe-Zn content in the milled rice. The population showed linkage disequilibrium showing deviation of Hardy-Weinberg's expectation for Fe-Zn content in rice. Population structure at K?=?3 categorized the panel population into distinct sub-populations corroborating with their grain Fe-Zn content. STRUCTURE analysis revealed a common primary ancestor for each sub-population. Novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) namely qFe3.3 and qFe7.3 for grain Fe and qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 for Zn content were detected using association mapping. Four QTLs, namely qFe3.3, qFe7.3, qFe8.1 and qFe12.2 for grain Fe content were detected to be co-localized with qZn3.1, qZn7, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 QTLs controlling grain Zn content, respectively. Additionally, some Fe-Zn controlling QTLs were co-localized with the yield component QTLs, qTBGW, OsSPL14 and qPN. The QTLs qFe1.1, qFe3.1, qFe5.1, qFe7.1, qFe8.1, qZn6, qZn7 and gRMm9-1 for grain Fe-Zn content reported in earlier studies were validated in this study. CONCLUSION:Novel QTLs, qFe3.3 and qFe7.3 for grain Fe and qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 for Zn content were detected for these two traits. Four Fe-Zn controlling QTLs and few yield component QTLs were detected to be co-localized. The QTLs, qFe1.1, qFe3.1, qFe5.1, qFe7.1, qFe8.1, qFe3.3, qFe7.3, qZn6, qZn7, qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 will be useful for biofortification of the micronutrients. Simultaneous enhancement of Fe-Zn content may be possible with yield component traits in rice.

Project description:The currently existing magnetic hyperthermia treatments usually need to employ very large doses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and/or excessively high excitation conditions (H × f > 1010 A/m s) to reach the therapeutic temperature range that triggers cancer cell death. To make this anticancer therapy truly minimally invasive, it is crucial the development of improved chemical routes that give rise to monodisperse MNPs with high saturation magnetization and negligible dipolar interactions. Herein, we present an innovative chemical route to synthesize Zn-doped magnetite NPs based on the thermolysis of two kinds of organometallic precursors: (i) a mixture of two monometallic oleates (FeOl + ZnOl), and (ii) a bimetallic iron-zinc oleate (Fe3-y Zn y Ol). These approaches have allowed tailoring the size (10-50 nm), morphology (spherical, cubic, and cuboctahedral), and zinc content (Zn x Fe3-x O4, 0.05 < x < 0.25) of MNPs with high saturation magnetization (≥90 Am2/kg at RT). The oxidation state and the local symmetry of Zn2+ and Fe2+/3+ cations have been investigated by means of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, while the Fe center distribution and vacancies within the ferrite lattice have been examined in detail through Mössbauer spectroscopy, which has led to an accurate determination of the stoichiometry in each sample. To achieve good biocompatibility and colloidal stability in physiological conditions, the Zn x Fe3-x O4 NPs have been coated with high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The magnetothermal efficiency of Zn x Fe3-x O4@PEG samples has been systematically analyzed in terms of composition, size, and morphology, making use of the latest-generation AC magnetometer that is able to reach 90 mT. The heating capacity of Zn0.06Fe2.9 4O4 cuboctahedrons of 25 nm reaches a maximum value of 3652 W/g (at 40 kA/m and 605 kHz), but most importantly, they reach a highly satisfactory value (600 W/g) under strict safety excitation conditions (at 36 kA/m and 125 kHz). Additionally, the excellent heating power of the system is kept identical both immobilized in agar and in the cellular environment, proving the great potential and reliability of this platform for magnetic hyperthermia therapies.

Project description:The Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast (NE) India is home to a large number of indigenous rice varieties, which may serve as a valuable genetic resource for future crop improvement to meet the ever-increasing demand for food production. However, these varieties are rapidly being lost due to changes in land-use and agricultural practices, which favor agronomically improved varieties. A detailed understanding of the genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice varieties is crucial for efficient utilization of rice genetic resources and for developing suitable conservation strategies. To explore the genetic structure and diversity of rice varieties in NE India, we genotyped 300 individuals of 24 indigenous rice varieties representing sali, boro, jum and glutinous types, 5 agronomically improved varieties, and one wild rice species (O. rufipogon) using seven SSR markers. A total of 85 alleles and a very high level of gene diversity (0.776) were detected among the indigenous rice varieties of the region. Considerable level of genetic variation was found within indigenous varieties whereas improved varieties were monoporphic across all loci. The comparison of genetic diversity among different types of rice revealed that sali type possessed the highest gene diversity (0.747) followed by jum (0.627), glutinous (0.602) and boro (0.596) types of indigenous rice varieties, while the lowest diversity was detected in agronomically improved varieties (0.459). The AMOVA results showed that 66% of the variation was distributed among varieties indicating a very high level of genetic differentiation in rice varieties in the region. Two major genetically defined clusters corresponding to indica and japonica groups were detected in rice varieties of the region. Overall, traditionally cultivated indigenous rice varieties in NE India showed high levels of genetic diversity comparable to levels of genetic diversity reported from wild rice populations in various parts of the world. The efforts for conservation of rice germplasm in NE India should consider saving rice varieties representing different types with specific emphasis given to sali and jum types. The protection against the loss of vast genetic diversity found in indigenous rice varieties in NE India is crucial for maintaining future food security in the changing world.

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Rice of Northeast India harbor rich genetic diversity as measured by SSR markers and Zn/Fe content.

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Rice of Northeast India harbor rich genetic diversity as measured by SSR markers and Zn/Fe content.

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