Dataset Information

Oral HPV prevalence and HPV vaccination among special needs population in the US.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Special needs population have barriers accessing healthcare, higher incidence of sexual assaults and lower sexual education. Due to the above this study was conducted- 1) To assess the current prevalence of oral HPV infection among individuals with SHCN (special health care needs) as compared to the general population and 2) To compare the prevalence of HPV vaccination in SHCN individuals (within the recommended age groups) to general population.

Methods

This data was obtained from NHANES 2013-14 and included 665 individuals with special needs. Weighted prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated for oral HPV infection by gender, age (18-59 years), race, smoking history, economic status, and sexual behavior. Prevalence rates were calculated for HPV vaccination.

Results

Oral HPV was detected in 9% (7.1-11.5; p?=?0.05) of special needs adults. High-risk HPV genotypes prevalence was also higher among adults with special needs [5.56% (3.9-7.9) vs 3.87% (2.7-5.4)]. The HPV vaccination rates among 9-26 years special needs females (33.5% vs 37%) and males aged 9-21 years (16.7% vs 21.2%) with special needs was lower than non-special needs individuals.

Conclusion

There is higher burden of oral HPV infection among adults with special needs compared to general population. Contrastingly, lower vaccination rates were observed among them within the recommended age groups. Further studies are required to determine the barriers to HPV vaccination among individuals with special needs.

SUBMITTER: Chandrupatla SG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6807293 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Oral HPV prevalence and HPV vaccination among special needs population in the US.

Chandrupatla Siddardha G SG Khalid Isma I Tavares Mary M

Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20190829

<h4>Introduction</h4>Special needs population have barriers accessing healthcare, higher incidence of sexual assaults and lower sexual education. Due to the above this study was conducted- 1) To assess the current prevalence of oral HPV infection among individuals with SHCN (special health care needs) as compared to the general population and 2) To compare the prevalence of HPV vaccination in SHCN individuals (within the recommended age groups) to general population.<h4>Methods</h4>This data was ...[more]

PMID: 31473308

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Project description:AimPrevious studies have shown that children of caregivers with low oral health literacy (OHL) had more untreated caries than children of caregivers with adequate OHL. However, there is a paucity of information on this relationship among children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Accordingly, this study aims to assess the association between the caregivers' OHL and the oral health status of CYSHCN.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in four schools dedicated for CYSHCN. A 48-item questionnaire gathered information about the demographic and socioeconomic factors, the child/adolescent's medical condition, dental characteristics, caregiver self-efficacy and the child's dental attitude. The Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (CMOHK) questionnaire was used to assess the caregivers' OHL. The Löe & Silness gingival index (GI) and the Silness & Löe plaque index (PI) were used to assess gingival health and plaque levels, respectively. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) were utilized for the selection of the appropriate set of confounding variables for regression analysis. The mean score differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to quantify the associations of the various covariates with oral health outcome variables.ResultsThis study included 214 child/caregiver dyads. Most participants were physically disabled (56.1%) followed by children with hearing difficulty (9.8%) and congenital anomalies/syndromes (7.9%). The mean PI and GI of the children was 1.26±0.52 and 1.30±0.47, respectively. The median CMOHK score was 12 and the respondents were dichotomized based on the median value. Low caregiver oral health conceptual knowledge was significantly associated with higher PI scores (β [95% CI] = -0.26 [-0.41, -0.13]; p<0.001. Older participants (12-21-year-olds) had significantly higher plaque scores compared with younger participants (6-12-year-olds) (β [95% CI] = 0.33 [0.18, 0.51]; p<0.001). Participants who brushed their teeth twice or more daily had significantly lower (β [95% CI] = -0.15 [-0.43, -0.01]; p = 0.046). Conceptual knowledge score was not significantly associated with GI.ConclusionThis study found lower caregiver OHL levels to be associated with higher plaque scores for their child.

Project description:BackgroundOral health is essential for overall well-being and can significantly improve quality of life. However, people with special health care needs (SHCN) often face challenges in accessing dental services. This study aimed to systematically review all available evidence on the oral and dental service utilization determinants among these individuals. Based on the findings, we also explore strategies to increase their access to dental care.MethodThis study is a systematic review of reviews based on the PRISMA 2020. Six databases were systematically searched including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library. Related keywords were applied up to 30 October 2023. This study includes all systematic, scoping, and rapid reviews written in English that examine the factors affecting dental service use among SHCNs. Microsoft Power BI was used for descriptive quantitative analysis, and MAXQDA version 10 was applied for qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsThe number of 2238 articles were retrieved based on the search strategy. After excluding duplications and appraising the eligibility, 7 articles were included. An examination of these 7 articles shows that they were all carried out from 2016 to 2022. Of these, 42% were systematic reviews, 42% used a scoping method, and one study (14%) was a rapid review. According to the thematic analysis, there were five main themes concerning determinants of oral and dental utilization of SHCN: "Financial considerations," "Patient-Provider Relationship," "Accessibility and Availability of Services," "Patient Factors," and "Quality of Care." Additionally, regarding strategies for improving utilization, three main themes emerged: "Education and Training," "Service Improvement," and "Policy Solutions.ConclusionThis study delves into the intricate challenges SHCNs face in accessing dental services, highlighting the imperative for comprehensive interventions addressing supply and demand. Supply-oriented measures encompass dentist education, implementing financial policies for affordable services, and integrating dental care into primary healthcare systems. On the demand side, strategies revolve around empowering patients and caregivers and enhancing cultural inclusivity. Despite sustained efforts, current utilization rates fall short of optimal levels. Thus, effective strategic planning by policymakers and healthcare leaders is paramount to bolster dental service utilization among SHCNs, thereby enhancing their overall well-being.

Project description:BackgroundUntil 2019, the English schools-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme was offered to young women (but not young men) aged 12 to 13 years to reduce HPV-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to explore the extent to which young women were able to exercise autonomy within the HPV vaccination programme. We consider the perspectives of young women, parents and professionals and how this was influenced by the content and form of information provided.MethodsRecruitment was facilitated through a healthcare organisation, schools and community organisations in a local authority in the south-west of England. Researcher observations of HPV vaccination sessions were carried out in three schools. Semi-structured interviews took place with 53 participants (young women, parents of adolescent children, school staff and immunisation nurses) during the 2017/18 and 2018/19 programme years. Interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was undertaken, assisted by NVivo software.ResultsYoung women's active participation and independence within the HPV vaccination programme was constrained by the setting of vaccination and the primacy of parental consent procedures. The authoritarian school structure influenced the degree to which young women were able to actively participate in decisions about the HPV vaccination programme. Young women exercised some power, either to avoid or receive the vaccine, by intercepting parental consent forms and procedures. Reliance on leaflets to communicate information led to unmet information needs for young women and their families. Communication may be improved by healthcare professional advocacy, accessible formats of information, and delivery of educational sessions.ConclusionsStrategies to improve communication about the HPV vaccine may increase young people's autonomy in consent procedures, clarify young people's rights and responsibilities in relation to their health care services, and result in higher uptake of the HPV vaccination programme.Trial registrationISRCTN 49086105 ; Date of registration: 12 January 2018; Prospectively registered.

Dataset Information

Oral HPV prevalence and HPV vaccination among special needs population in the US.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Oral HPV prevalence and HPV vaccination among special needs population in the US.

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