Dataset Information

Impact of sanitation and socio-economy on groundwater fecal pollution and human health towards achieving sustainable development goals across India from ground-observations and satellite-derived nightlight.

ABSTRACT: Globally, ~1 billion people, mostly residing in Africa and South Asia (e.g. India), still lack access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Resulting, unsafe disposal of fecal waste from open-defecation to nearby drinking water sources severely endanger public health. Until recently, India had a huge open-defecating population, leading declining public health from water-borne diseases like diarrhoea by ingesting polluted water, mostly sourced to groundwater. However, in recent past, sanitation development to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been encouraged throughout India, but their effect to groundwater quality and human health conditions are yet-unquantified. Here, for the first time, using long term, high-spatial resolution measurements (>1.7 million) across India and analyses, we quantified that over the years, groundwater fecal coliform concentration (2002-2017, -2.56?±?0.06%/year) and acute diarrheal cases (1990-2016, -3.05?±?0.01%/year) have significantly reduced, potentially influenced by sanitation development (1990-2017, 2.63?±?0.01%/year). Enhanced alleviation of groundwater quality and human health have been observed since 2014, with initiation of acceletated constructions of sanitation infrastructures through Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission. However, the goal of completely faecal-pollution free, clean drinking water is yet to be achieved. We also evaluated the suitability of using satellite-derived night-time light (NL_an, 1992-2013, 4.26?±?0.05%/year) as potential predictor for such economic development. We observed that in more than 80% of the study region, night-time light demonstrated to be a strong predictor for observed changes in groundwater quality, sanitation development and water-borne disease cases. While sanitation and economic development can improve public health, poor education level and improper human practices can strongly influence on water-borne diseases loads and thus health in parts of India.

SUBMITTER: Mukherjee A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6811533 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of sanitation and socio-economy on groundwater fecal pollution and human health towards achieving sustainable development goals across India from ground-observations and satellite-derived nightlight.

Mukherjee Abhijit A Mukherjee Abhijit A Duttagupta Srimanti S Chattopadhyay Siddhartha S Bhanja Soumendra Nath SN Bhattacharya Animesh A Chakraborty Swagata S Sarkar Soumyajit S Ghosh Tilottama T Bhattacharya Jayanta J Sahu Sohini S

Scientific reports 20191023 1

Globally, ~1 billion people, mostly residing in Africa and South Asia (e.g. India), still lack access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Resulting, unsafe disposal of fecal waste from open-defecation to nearby drinking water sources severely endanger public health. Until recently, India had a huge open-defecating population, leading declining public health from water-borne diseases like diarrhoea by ingesting polluted water, mostly sourced to groundwater. However, in recent past, sanitation ...[more]

PMID: 31645651

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Access to safe sanitation and the elimination of open defecation are pre-conditions for improved child health and nutrition and wider achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While Indonesia has a solid policy framework, the country ranks third globally in terms of numbers of people practicing open defecation. OBJECTIVES:Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of a five-year strategy to reduce open defecation through accelerating implementation of the national sanitation program across districts receiving variable levels of external support. METHODS:Among three provinces with poor sanitation program performance, districts were selected to receive one of three levels of external support. High intensity districts (n = 6) benefitted from enabling environment strengthening support including political and social mobilization, direct capacity development, and efforts to strengthen planning, budgeting, monitoring and supervision; learning districts (n = 16) benefitted from cross-district learning opportunities and political mobilization through provincial government advocacy efforts; and comparison districts (n = 58) were monitored under routine program conditions. Outcomes included open defecation free (ODF) status and new toilet facility construction and were assessed through village level monitoring systems across all districts. Negative binomial regression and multivariate analysis were used to assess associations between levels of intervention intensity and outcomes. FINDINGS:Among districts receiving high-intensity external support improvements in political commitment, planning, coordination, financing, monitoring and supervision were observed. Relative to comparison districts, high intensity districts were more likely to be ODF (aRR 4.65, CI 2.12-10.20) with greater increase in household toilet coverage (aRR 11.15 CI 1.04-119.82). Weaker non-significant associations with ODF were observed among learning districts relative to comparison districts. INTERPRETATION:Efforts to strengthen provincial and district government capacity to implement sanitation programming in Indonesia can yield substantial improvements in outcomes in a relatively short period of time.

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Dataset Information

Impact of sanitation and socio-economy on groundwater fecal pollution and human health towards achieving sustainable development goals across India from ground-observations and satellite-derived nightlight.

Publications

Impact of sanitation and socio-economy on groundwater fecal pollution and human health towards achieving sustainable development goals across India from ground-observations and satellite-derived nightlight.

Similar Datasets

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