Dataset Information

Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Psychometrically sound measures of e-cigarette dependence are lacking. METHODS:We modified the PROMIS Item Bank v1.0-Smoking: Nicotine Dependence for All Smokers for use with e-cigarettes and evaluated the psychometrics of the 22-, 8-, and 4-item adapted versions, referred to as The E-cigarette dependence scale (EDS). Adults (1009) who reported using e-cigarettes at least weekly completed an anonymous survey in summer 2016 (50.2% male, 77.1% White, mean age 35.81 [10.71], 66.4% daily e-cigarette users, 72.6% current cigarette smokers). Psychometric analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, measurement invariance, examination of mean-level differences, convergent validity, and test-criterion relationships with e-cigarette use outcomes. RESULTS:All EDS versions had confirmable, internally consistent latent structures that were scalar invariant by sex, race, e-cigarette use (nondaily/daily), e-liquid nicotine content (no/yes), and current cigarette smoking status (no/yes). Daily e-cigarette users, nicotine e-liquid users, and cigarette smokers reported being more dependent on e-cigarettes than their counterparts. All EDS versions correlated strongly with one another, evidenced convergent validity with the Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Index and time to first e-cigarette use in the morning, and evidenced test-criterion relationships with vaping frequency, e-liquid nicotine concentration, and e-cigarette quit attempts. Similar results were observed when analyses were conducted within subsamples of exclusive e-cigarette users and duals-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS:Each EDS version evidenced strong psychometric properties for assessing e-cigarette dependence in adults who either use e-cigarette exclusively or who are dual-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. However, results indicated little benefit of the longer versions over the 4-item EDS, which provides an efficient assessment of e-cigarette dependence. IMPLICATIONS:The availability of the novel, psychometrically sound EDS can further research on a wide range of questions related to e-cigarette use and dependence. In addition, the overlap between the EDS and the original PROMIS that was developed for assessing nicotine dependence to cigarettes provides consistency within the field.

SUBMITTER: Morean ME

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6821314 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale.

Morean Meghan E ME Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra S Sussman Steve S Foulds Jonathan J Fishbein Howard H Grana Rachel R O'Malley Stephanie S SS

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20191001 11

<h4>Introduction</h4>Psychometrically sound measures of e-cigarette dependence are lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>We modified the PROMIS Item Bank v1.0-Smoking: Nicotine Dependence for All Smokers for use with e-cigarettes and evaluated the psychometrics of the 22-, 8-, and 4-item adapted versions, referred to as The E-cigarette dependence scale (EDS). Adults (1009) who reported using e-cigarettes at least weekly completed an anonymous survey in summer 2016 (50.2% male, 77.1% White, mean age 35.81 [10. ...[more]

PMID: 29301008

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Project description:IntroductionKhaini is a smokeless tobacco (SLT) product commonly used in the South-Asian region. It is the most common smokeless tobacco product used in India, having a prevalence of 11.2% and is used by 104.1 million adults. No scales exist to assess khaini dependence. Existing scales available to assess dependence on smokeless tobacco products are not ideal as these are adapted from cigarette dependence scales and developed for western populations. This study aimed to develop a khaini dependence scale and assess its reliability and validity.MethodsRecommended methods for scale development were followed for item development, scale development and scale evaluation. Scale development was guided by a theoretical framework, a review of existing scales and in-depth interviews with 21 khaini users recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. The process involved the identification of domains for dependence and the development of an item pool. Cognitive interviews and pre-testing were conducted with 20 khaini users to assess content validity. A cross-sectional survey with 323 khaini users was conducted, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to determine the factor structure of the draft scale. The content validity, criterion validity (by cross-referencing with the cotinine level of users), convergent validity and internal consistency of the new scale were assessed.ResultsThe final version of the Khaini SLT Dependence Scale (KSLTDS) had 20 items. EFA indicated an acceptable goodness of fit for a three-factor structure with physical, psychological and sociocultural-behavioral sub-scales. It showed evidence of acceptable criterion validity with cotinine (ρ=0.43, p=0.0002), convergent validity with FTND-ST (ρ=0.51, p<0.0001) and frequency of khaini use (ρ=0.38, p<0.0001). The sub-scales (α=0.87-0.90) showed acceptable internal consistency.ConclusionsThe psychometric evaluation of the KSLTDS showed preliminary validity and reliability for assessing dependence on khaini, and therefore, it is appropriate for clinical and research purposes. Re-validation studies are required with various khaini user populations.

Project description:HIV-related stigma has negative consequences for infected people's lives and is a barrier to HIV prevention. Therefore valid and reliable instruments to measure stigma are needed to enable mapping of HIV stigma. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HIV stigma scale in a Swedish context with regard to construct validity, data quality, and reliability.The HIV stigma scale, developed by Berger, Ferrans, and Lashley (2001), was distributed to a cross-sectional sample of people living with HIV in Sweden (n = 194). The psychometric evaluation included exploratory factor analysis together with an analysis of the distribution of scores, convergent validity by correlations between the HIV stigma scale and measures of emotional well-being, and an analysis of missing items and floor and ceiling effects. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α.The exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution, similar to the original scale, with the dimensions personalised stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, and concerns with public attitudes. One item had unacceptably low loadings and was excluded. Correlations between stigma dimensions and emotional well-being were all in the expected direction and ranged between -0.494 and -0.210. The instrument generated data of acceptable quality except for participants who had not disclosed their HIV status to anybody. In line with the original scale, all subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach's α 0.87-0.96.A 39-item version of the HIV stigma scale used in a Swedish context showed satisfactory construct validity and reliability. Response alternatives are suggested to be slightly revised for items assuming the disclosure of diagnosis to another person. We recommend that people that have not disclosed should skip all questions belonging to the dimension personalised stigma. Our analysis confirmed construct validity of the instrument even without this dimension.

Project description:Objective: In contrast to the drug situation in the rest of the world, synthetic drugs, rather than traditional drugs, have been the dominant abused drugs in China since 2019. However, the public misconception that synthetic drugs are not as addictive as traditional drugs, such as opioids and the scarcity of specific measurement instruments, have hindered the clinical diagnosis and treatment of synthetic drug abusers, thus the development of a localized instrument to evaluate dependence on synthetic drugs is in urgently needed. Method: Using a sample of 618 Chinese synthetic drug abusers (Mean age = 34.69 years; 44.17% female), the present study developed and examined the psychometric properties of a self-reporting instrument, the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale (SDDS), which consists of four subscales: physical dependence, psychological dependence, health injury, and social function injury. Results: The SDDS revealed a three-factor model structure (weighted root mean square residual (WRMR) = 0.876, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.965, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.953, and Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.070), with good internal consistency (composite reliability = 0.912, alfa = 0.801) and convergent validity. Elevated scores on the SDDS were associated with a higher level of reward sensitivity, punishment sensitivity, and stronger impulsivity. Interestingly, psychological dependence was the only significant predictor (p < 0.05) of criterion variables compared with the other three subscales, implying the important role of psychological factors in synthetic drugs dependence. Adequate measurement equivalence across sex, age (18-30 and 31-57 years old), and employment group (employed and unemployed) was also established. Conclusion: The SDDS appears to be an effective and reliable instrument that could be used to further investigate the characteristics of synthetic and traditional drug dependence, promoting a deeper understanding of the physical and psychological roles in drug dependence.

Project description:BackgroundEthical decision-making confidence develops from clinical expertise and is a core competency for nurse leaders. No tool exists to measure confidence levels in nurse leaders based upon an ethical decision-making framework.AimsThe objective of this research was to compare ethical decision-making among nurse leaders in the U.S. and three German-speaking countries in Europe by developing and testing a newly constructed Ethical Decision-Making Confidence (EDMC) scale.MethodsThe cross-sectional survey included 18 theory-derived questions on ethical decision-making confidence which were used to develop the scale.ParticipantsA convenience sample of nurse leaders from the U.S. and three German-speaking countries in Europe who self-identified as holding a leadership position.Ethical considerationsEthical approval was given by the IRB Board of a U.S. university. Participation in the survey implied voluntary consent.ResultsThe scale's item structure dimensionality and subscale's reliability were analyzed and compared between nurse leaders from all four countries. A principal component analysis (PCA) produced a 15-item bi-dimensional EDMC scale yielding a skill-related (9-item) and a behavior-related (6-item) confidence dimension. EDMC subscales showed good-to-excellent internal consistency. In both subscales, U.S. nurse leaders rated their mean EDMC score higher than their German-speaking counterparts in Europe.DiscussionThis exploratory study is the first of its kind to focus on nurse leaders' confidence regarding ethical decision-making in an international context. An overarching factor structure was identified, which is shared by the two samples of nurse leaders and to examine (sub)scales' psychometric properties.ConclusionThis newly developed scale is an effective tool for measuring ethical decision-making confidence in nurse leaders. The promising results of this study should be replicated to ensure validity and reliability of the EDMC scale measuring skill-related and behavior-related concepts and include nurse leaders from various cultural, social, and demographic groups.

Dataset Information

Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale.

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Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale.

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