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Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D Levels during Pregnancy and Early Childhood.

ABSTRACT: Vitamin D insufficiency has become a common health problem worldwide, particularly among pregnant women and young children. Therefore, we sought to identify environmental, dietary, and genetic determinants of serum 25(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels during pregnancy and early childhood. 25(OH)D was measured in women at 24-weeks of gestation (n = 738) and one-week postpartum (n = 284) in the population-based Danish COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort; and in cord blood (n = 257) and age 4 years (n = 298) in children from the at-risk COPSAC2000 mother-child cohort. Environmental, dietary, and genetic variables were tested for association with 25(OH)D using linear regression analyses. After adjusting for season of blood sampling, determinants of lower 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy in the women were higher pre-pregnancy BMI, lower age at birth, lower genetic vitamin D score, lower dietary vitamin D intake, and lower social circumstances. In children, the determinants were lower maternal age at birth, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, lower genetic vitamin D score, older siblings, exposure to tobacco smoking, and female sex. Genetics was an important determinant at all time points, alone explaining 2%-11% of the variance in 25(OH)D. Important determinants of circulating 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy and early childhood include environmental factors, diet, and to a large extent genetics.

SUBMITTER: Schoos AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6826446 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D Levels during Pregnancy and Early Childhood.

Schoos Ann-Marie Malby AM Vinther Cecilie C Nørgaard Sarah S Brustad Nicklas N Stokholm Jakob J Bønnelykke Klaus K Bisgaard Hans H Chawes Bo Lund BL

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 20191021 10

Vitamin D insufficiency has become a common health problem worldwide, particularly among pregnant women and young children. Therefore, we sought to identify environmental, dietary, and genetic determinants of serum 25(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels during pregnancy and early childhood. 25(OH)D was measured in women at 24-weeks of gestation (n = 738) and one-week postpartum (n = 284) in the population-based Danish COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort; and in cord blood (n</i ...[more]

PMID: 31640192

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The beneficial adaptation of skeletal muscle function to strenuous exercise is partially attributable to the improvement of vitamin D status. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week vitamin D supplementation on serum 25(OH)D levels and skeletal muscle biomarkers (i.e. troponin, myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase) of endurance runners. METHODS:A double-blind placebo-controlled study design was used and vitamin D supplementation was compared to a non-treatment control group. Twenty-four runners, competitors of the ultra-marathons held during the National Running Championships, were randomly assigned into two groups supplemented with the dose of 2000?IU vitamin D or placebo for three weeks. All subjects participated in three exercise protocols: (a) incremental exercise test (to determine the maximum oxygen uptake and the intensity of eccentric exercise), (b) eccentric exercise before and (c) after two dietary protocols. Venous blood samples were drawn at rest, immediately after the exercise and after 1?h and 24?h of recovery in order to estimate serum 25(OH)D levels, skeletal muscle biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) levels. A two-way ANOVA was used to test main effects and their interactions and Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the effects of inter-variable relationships. RESULTS:Significant differences between pre- and post-intervention in baseline 25(OH)D levels were observed (34.9?±?4.7 versus 40.3?±?4.9?ng/ml, p?= 0.02) in supplemented group. A higher post intervention 25(OH)D level was observed after vitamin D diet compared to placebo (40.3?±?4.9 versus 31.8?±?4.2?ng/mL, respectively; p?< 0.05). The vitamin D supplementation decreased post-exercise (TN max) and 1?h post-exercise troponin (p?= 0.004, p?=?0.03, respectively), 1?h post-exercise myoglobin concentration (p?=?0.01) and TNF-? levels(p?<?0.03). 24?h post exercise creatine kinase activity was significantly lower in supplemented group compared to placebo (p?<?0.05). A negative correlation was observed between post exercise 25(OH)D levels and myoglobin levels (r?=?-?0.57; p?=?0.05), and 25(OH)D levels and TNF? (r?=?-?0.58; p?=?0.05) in vitamin D supplemented group. CONCLUSIONS:Three weeks of vitamin D supplementation had a positive effect on serum 25(OH)D levels in endurance trained runners and it caused a marked decrease in post-exercise biomarkers levels. We concluded that vitamin D supplementation might play an important role in prevention of skeletal muscle injuries following exercise with eccentric muscle contraction in athletes.

Project description:Background and aimsVitamin D exists as an inactive 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the bloodstream, which is converted to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD (1,25(OH)2D) in target tissues. Cohort studies reporting cardiovascular disease among individuals with low vitamin D are inconsistent and solely measure 25(OH)D. Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is a vitamin D deficient state and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. While serum 25(OH)D is routinely measured, we hypothesized that measurement of 1,25(OH)2D in psoriasis may perform better than 25(OH)D in capturing cardiovascular risk.MethodsConsecutive psoriasis patients (N = 122) at baseline underwent FDG PET/CT and CCTA scans to measure visceral adipose volume, aortic vascular uptake of FDG, and coronary plaque burden respectively. Blood levels of both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D were measured by chemiluminescence (LIAISON XL DIaSorin, Stillwater, MN).ResultsThe psoriasis cohort was middle-aged (mean ± SD: 49.6 ± 13.0), predominantly male (n = 71, 58%), in majority Caucasians (n = 98, 80%), and had moderate-to-severe skin disease [psoriasis area severity index score, PASI score, med.(iqr)5.5 (3.2-10.7)], with almost one-fourth of the cohort on biologic psoriasis therapy for skin disease management (n = 32, 27%) at baseline. Interestingly, serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D but not 25(OH)D were found to be inversely associated with visceral adipose, a marker of cardiometabolic risk in fully adjusted models (β = - 0.43, p = 0.026 and β = -0.26 p = 0.13). Similarly, we found an inverse relationship between 1,25(OH)2D, but not 25(OH)D, and aortic vascular uptake of FDG independent of traditional risk factors (β = -0.19, p = 0.01). Finally, we found that serum 1,25(OH)2D, but not 25(OH)D, was inversely associated with non-calcified coronary plaque burden, as measured by CCTA independent of traditional risk factors (β = -0.18, p = 0.03).ConclusionsIn conclusion, we demonstrate that low 1,25(OH)2D levels were associated with visceral adipose volume, vascular uptake of FDG and coronary plaque burden independent of traditional risk factors, suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D may better capture the cardiometabolic risk associated with vitamin D deficient states.

Dataset Information

Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D Levels during Pregnancy and Early Childhood.

Publications

Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D Levels during Pregnancy and Early Childhood.

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