Dataset Information

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT: The effects of an intermittent fasting diet (IFD) in the general population are still controversial. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of an IFD to reduce body mass index and glucose metabolism in the general population without diabetes mellitus. Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that compared an IFD with a regular diet or a continuous calorie restriction diet. The effectiveness of an IFD was estimated by the weighted mean difference (WMD) for several variables associated with glucometabolic parameters including body mass index (BMI) and fasting glucose. The pooled mean differences of outcomes were calculated using a random effects model. From 2814 studies identified through a literature search, we finally selected 12 articles (545 participants). Compared with a control diet, an IFD was associated with a significant decline in BMI (WMD, -0.75 kg/m²; 95% CI, -1.44 to -0.06), fasting glucose level (WMD, -4.16 mg/dL; 95% CI, -6.92 to -1.40), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD, -0.54; 95% CI, -1.05 to -0.03). Fat mass (WMD, -0.98 kg; 95% CI, -2.32 to 0.36) tended to decrease in the IFD group with a significant increase in adiponectin (WMD, 1008.9 ng/mL; 95% CI, 140.5 to 1877.3) and a decrease in leptin (WMD, -0.51 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.77 to -0.24) levels. An IFD may provide a significant metabolic benefit by improving glycemic control, insulin resistance, and adipokine concentration with a reduction of BMI in adults.

SUBMITTER: Cho Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6832593 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cho Yongin Y Hong Namki N Kim Kyung-Won KW Cho Sung Joon SJ Lee Minyoung M Lee Yeon-Hee YH Lee Yong-Ho YH Kang Eun Seok ES Cha Bong-Soo BS Lee Byung-Wan BW

Journal of clinical medicine 20191009 10

The effects of an intermittent fasting diet (IFD) in the general population are still controversial. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of an IFD to reduce body mass index and glucose metabolism in the general population without diabetes mellitus. Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that compared an IFD with a regular diet or a continuous calorie restriction diet. The effect ...[more]

PMID: 31601019

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Project description:ImportanceObesity is associated with a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases and is purported to cause premature death.ObjectiveTo summarize evidence on the temporality of the association between higher body mass index (BMI) and 2 potential mediators: chronic inflammation and hyperinsulinemia.Data sourcesMEDLINE (1946 to August 20, 2019) and Embase (from 1974 to August 19, 2019) were searched, although only studies published in 2018 were included because of a high volume of results. The data analysis was conducted between January 2020 and October 2020.Study selection and measuresLongitudinal studies and randomized clinical trials that measured fasting insulin level and/or an inflammation marker and BMI with at least 3 commensurate time points were selected.Data extraction and synthesisSlopes of these markers were calculated between time points and standardized. Standardized slopes were meta-regressed in later periods (period 2) with standardized slopes in earlier periods (period 1). Evidence-based items potentially indicating risk of bias were assessed.ResultsOf 1865 records, 60 eligible studies with 112 cohorts of 5603 participants were identified. Most standardized slopes were negative, meaning that participants in most studies experienced decreases in BMI, fasting insulin level, and C-reactive protein level. The association between period 1 fasting insulin level and period 2 BMI was positive and significant (β = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.38; I2 = 79%): for every unit of SD change in period 1 insulin level, there was an ensuing associated change in 0.26 units of SD in period 2 BMI. The association of period 1 fasting insulin level with period 2 BMI remained significant when period 1 C-reactive protein level was added to the model (β = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86). In this bivariable model, period 1 C-reactive protein level was not significantly associated with period 2 BMI (β = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.42 to 0.29; I2 = 81%).Conclusions and relevanceIn this meta-analysis, the finding of temporal sequencing (in which changes in fasting insulin level precede changes in weight) is not consistent with the assertion that obesity causes noncommunicable chronic diseases and premature death by increasing levels of fasting insulin.

Project description:Abstract Background: The uncoupling proteins (UCPs) belong to the mitochondrial inner membrane anion carrier superfamily and play an important role in energy homeostasis. UCP-1 is expressed mostly in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and act in the thermogenesis and regulation of energy expenditure. UCP-2 has a role in the metabolism of fatty acids direct and indirectly path insulin secretion. UCP-3 is specific of skeletal muscle and BAT and may affects the adaptive and translocation of fatty acids. Genetic polymorphisms in these proteins have been associated with obesity, as rs1800592 (-3826 A/G) in UCP-1 gene. The rs659366 (-866GA) UCP-2 has being associated with high expression of its RNAm, decrease of obesity risk, and increase of energy expenditure. The rs1800849 (-55CT) UCP-3 has been associated with low risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, but its association with body mass index is controversial. Objective: To analyze the association of the polymorphisms rs1800592 UCP-1, rs659366 UCP-2, and rs1800849 UCP-3 with BMI and resting energy expenditure (REE). Material and Methods: We included 120 subjects with BMI>30kg/m2 and 100 subjects with BMI between18.5 -24.9 kg/m2, aged 20 to 50 years. Anthropometric data were recorded and the REE was measure for indirect calorimetric. Fasting glucose and lipid profile were assessed. Leptin, insulin and acylated-ghrelin were quantified by ELISA. Genomic DNA was extracted using comercial kit. Genotyping for three polymorphisms was performed by allelic discrimination using Taqman probes. Results: All the three polymorphisms of UCPs showed distribution in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The weight, BMI, glucose, triglycerides, leptin, insulin, HOMA-IR, and REE levels were signitifcantly higher in obese subjects. There was a strong correlation between REE with BMI (r=0.42, p<0.00001) and with insulin levels (r=0.229, p=0.001) in all group. No differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs1800592 UCP-1, rs659366 UCP-2 and rs180084 UCP-3 polymorphisms between obese and lean subjects. No differences among the genotypes rs1800592 UCP-1 and rs1800849 UCP-3 with metabolic variables. In rs659366 UCP-2 polymorhism, the REE and glucose concentrations were lower in carriers of rs659366AA genotype (F=3.11, p=0.046; F=2.97, p=0.053, respectively) in whole group. In obese subjects with rs659366AA UCP-2 genotype, the REE was significantly low (F=4.15, P=0.017). Conclusion. In this work the obese subjects with rs659366AA genotype had low REE. We found low glucose concentrations in the carries of rs659366 AA genotype.

Dataset Information

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Publications

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Similar Datasets

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