Dataset Information

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes associated with blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides in New York, USA, estuaries.

ABSTRACT: While harmful algal blooms caused by the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides, are allelopathic and may have unique associations with bacteria, a comprehensive assessment of the planktonic communities associated with these blooms has been lacking. Here, we used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to assess size fractionated (0.2 and 5 ?m) bacterial (16S) and phytoplankton assemblages (18S) associated with blooms of C. polykrikoides during recurrent blooms in NY, USA. Over a three-year period, samples were collected inside ('patch') and outside ('non-patch') dense accumulations of C. polykrikoides to assess the microbiome associated with these blooms. Eukaryotic plankton communities of blooms had significantly lower diversity than non-bloom samples, and non-bloom samples hosted 30 eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) not found within blooms, suggesting they may have been allelopathically excluded from blooms. Differential abundance analyses revealed that C. polykrikoides blooms were significantly enriched in dinoflagellates (p<0.001) and the experimental enrichment of C. polykrikoides led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of eight genera of dinoflagellates but a significant decline in other eukaryotic plankton. Amoebophrya co-dominated both within- and near- C. polykrikoides blooms and was more abundant in bloom patches. The core bacterial microbiome of the >0.2?m fraction of blooms was dominated by an uncultured bacterium from the SAR11 clade, while the >5?m size fraction was co-dominated by an uncultured bacterium from Rhodobacteraceae and Coraliomargarita. Two bacterial lineages within the >0.2?m fraction, as well as the Gammaproteobacterium, Halioglobus, from the >5?m fraction were unique to the microbiome of blooms, while there were 154 bacterial OTUs only found in non-bloom waters. Collectively, these findings reveal the unique composition and potential function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities associated with C. polykrikoides blooms.

SUBMITTER: Hattenrath-Lehmann TK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6837389 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes associated with blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides in New York, USA, estuaries.

Hattenrath-Lehmann Theresa K TK Jankowiak Jennifer J Koch Florian F Gobler Christopher J CJ

PloS one 20191107 11

While harmful algal blooms caused by the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides, are allelopathic and may have unique associations with bacteria, a comprehensive assessment of the planktonic communities associated with these blooms has been lacking. Here, we used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to assess size fractionated (0.2 and 5 μm) bacterial (16S) and phytoplankton assemblages (18S) associated with blooms of C. polykrikoides during recurrent blooms in ...[more]

PMID: 31697694

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Project description:Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides lead to severe environmental impacts in oceans worldwide followed by huge economic losses. Algicide agent copper sulfate (CuSO4) is regard as an economical and effective agent for HABs mitigation; its biochemical and physiological effects were revealed in C. polykrikoides. However, molecular mechanisms of CuSO4 effect on the C. polykrikoides, even other HAB species, have not been investigated. The present study investigated the transcriptional response of C. polykrikoides against CuSO4 treatments, with the aim of providing certain molecular mechanism of CuSO4 effect on the C. polykrikoides blooms.RNA-seq generated 173 million reads, which were further assembled to 191,212 contigs. 43.3 %, 33.9 %, and 15.6 % of contigs were annotated with NCBI NR, GO, and KEGG database, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 20.6 % differential expressed contigs, which grouped into 8 clusters according to K-means clustering analysis, responding to CuSO4; 848 contigs were up-regulated and 746 contigs were down-regulated more than 2-fold changes from 12 h to 48 h exposure. KEGG pathway analysis of eukaryotic homologous genes revealed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in diverse pathway; amongst, the genes involved in the translation, spliceosome, and/or signal transduction genes were highly regulated. Most of photosystem related genes were down-regulated and most of mitochondria related genes were up-regulated. In addition, the genes involved in the copper ion binding or transporting and antioxidant systems were identified. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that photosynthesis was significantly inhibited by CuSO4 exposure.This study reported the first transcriptome of the C. polykrikoides. The widely differential expressed photosystem genes suggested photosynthetic machinery were severely affected, and may further contribute to the cell death. Furthermore, gene translation and transcription processes may be disrupted, inhibiting cell growth and proliferation, and possibly accelerating cell death. However, antioxidant systems resistant to CuSO4 caused stress; mitochondrion may compensate for photosynthesis efficiency decreasing caused energy deficiency. In addition, various signal transduction pathways may be involved in the CuSO4 induced regulation network in the C. polykrikoides. These data provide the potential transcriptomic mechanism to explain the algicide CuSO4 effect on the harmful dinoflagellate C. polykrikoides.

Dataset Information

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes associated with blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides in New York, USA, estuaries.

Publications

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes associated with blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides in New York, USA, estuaries.

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