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Optimal placement of phasor measurement units considering islanding contingency, communication infrastructure, and quality of service.

ABSTRACT: In this study, the PMUs are placed to operate in normal and islanded cases taking into account power system observability, reliability, Communication Infrastructure (CI), and latency time associated with this CI. Moreover, the economic study for additional new data transmission paths is considered as well as the preexisting Communication Devices (CDs) and the availability of predefined locations of some PMUs in some buses. The PMUs placement and their communication network topology and link channel capacity are co-optimized simultaneously. Two different approaches are applied to optimize the objective function; the first approach is combined from Binary Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm (BTLBOA) and the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm, while the second approach is based on BTLBOA. The proposed approaches are examined using IEEE 118-bus systems.

SUBMITTER: Elroby MMH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6838946 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optimal placement of phasor measurement units considering islanding contingency, communication infrastructure, and quality of service.

Elroby M M H MMH Mekhamer S F SF Talaat H E A HEA Hassan M A M MAM

Heliyon 20191001 10

In this study, the PMUs are placed to operate in normal and islanded cases taking into account power system observability, reliability, Communication Infrastructure (CI), and latency time associated with this CI. Moreover, the economic study for additional new data transmission paths is considered as well as the preexisting Communication Devices (CDs) and the availability of predefined locations of some PMUs in some buses. The PMUs placement and their communication network topology and link chan ...[more]

PMID: 31720443

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Project description:BackgroundClinicians around the world perform clinical research in addition to their high workload. To meet the demands of high quality Investigator Initiated Trials (IITs), Clinical Trial Units (CTUs) (as part of Academic Research Institutions) are implemented worldwide. CTUs increasingly hold a key position in facilitating the international mutual acceptance of clinical research data by promoting clinical research practices and infrastructure according to international standards.AimIn this project, we aimed to identify services that established and internationally operating CTUs - members of the International Clinical Trial Center Network (ICN) - consider most important to ensure the smooth processing of a clinical trial while meeting international standards. We thereby aim to drive international harmonization by providing emerging and growing CTUs with a resource for informed service range set-up.MethodsFollowing the AMEE Guide, we developed a questionnaire, addressing the perceived importance of different CTU services. Survey participants were senior representatives of CTUs and part of the ICN with long-term experience in their field and institution.ResultsServices concerning quality and coordination of a research project were considered to be most essential, i.e., Quality management, Monitoring and Project management, followed by Regulatory & Legal affairs, Education & Training, and Data management. Operative services for conducting a research project, i.e., Study Nurse with patient contact and Study Nurse without patient contact, were considered to be least important.ConclusionTo balance the range of services offered while meeting high international standards of clinical research, emerging CTUs should focus on offering (quality) management services and expertise in regulatory and legal affairs. Additionally, education and training services are required to ensure clinicians are well trained on GCP and legislation. CTUs should evaluate whether the expertise and resources are available to offer operative services.

Project description:BackgroundThere is a need to improve retention and outcomes for treatment of problem gambling and gambling disorder. Contingency management (CM) is a behavioural intervention involving identification of target behaviours (such as attendance, abstinence, or steps towards recovery) and the provision of incentives (such as vouchers or credits towards the purchase of preferred items) contingent on objective evidence of these behaviours. Contingency management for abstinence and attendance in substance misuse treatment has a substantial evidence base but has not been widely adopted or extended to other addictive behaviours such as gambling. Potential barriers to the widespread adoption of CM may relate to practitioners' perceptions about this form of incentive-based treatment. The present study sought to explore United Kingdom (UK) gambling treatment providers' views of CM for treatment of problem gambling and gambling disorder.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 treatment providers from across the UK working with people with gambling problems. Participants were provided with an explanation of CM, several hypothetical scenarios, and a structured questionnaire to facilitate discussion. Thematic analysis was used to interpret findings.ResultsParticipants felt there could be a conflict between CM and their treatment philosophies, that CM was similar in some ways to gambling, and that the CM approach could be manipulated and reduce trust between client and therapist. Some participants were more supportive of implementing CM for specific treatment goals than others, such as for incentivising attendance over abstinence due to perceived difficulties in objectively verifying abstinence. Participants favoured providing credits accruing to services relevant to personal recovery rather than voucher-based incentives.ConclusionsUK gambling treatment providers are somewhat receptive to CM approaches for treatment of problem gambling and gambling disorder. Potential barriers and obstacles are readily addressable, and more research is needed on the efficacy and effectiveness of CM for gambling.

Dataset Information

Optimal placement of phasor measurement units considering islanding contingency, communication infrastructure, and quality of service.

Publications

Optimal placement of phasor measurement units considering islanding contingency, communication infrastructure, and quality of service.

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