Dataset Information

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality. DESIGN:60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ?6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed. RESULTS:50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye. CONCLUSION:Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NCT01731366; Results.

SUBMITTER: Roager HM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6839833 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial.

Roager Henrik Munch HM Vogt Josef K JK Kristensen Mette M Hansen Lea Benedicte S LBS Ibrügger Sabine S Mærkedahl Rasmus B RB Bahl Martin Iain MI Lind Mads Vendelbo MV Nielsen Rikke L RL Frøkiær Hanne H Gøbel Rikke Juul RJ Landberg Rikard R Ross Alastair B AB Brix Susanne S Holck Jesper J Meyer Anne S AS Sparholt Morten H MH Christensen Anders F AF Carvalho Vera V Hartmann Bolette B Holst Jens Juul JJ Rumessen Jüri Johannes JJ Linneberg Allan A Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas T Dalgaard Marlene D MD Blennow Andreas A Frandsen Henrik Lauritz HL Villas-Bôas Silas S Kristiansen Karsten K Vestergaard Henrik H Hansen Torben T Ekstrøm Claus T CT Ritz Christian C Nielsen Henrik Bjørn HB Pedersen Oluf Borbye OB Gupta Ramneek R Lauritzen Lotte L Licht Tine Rask TR

Gut 20171101 1

<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.<h4>Design</h4>60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome compositi ...[more]

PMID: 29097438

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundAlterations in gastrointestinal (GI) microbial composition have been reported in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, it is unclear to what degree these alterations and/or dietary changes contribute to the SSc-GI phenotype.ObjectivesOur study aimed to 1) evaluate the relationship between GI microbial composition and SSc-GI symptoms, and 2) compare GI symptoms and GI microbial composition between SSc patients adhering to a low versus non-low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet.MethodsAdult SSc patients were consecutively recruited to provide stool specimens for bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Patients completed the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument (GIT 2.0) and the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) II and were classified as adhering to a low or non-low FODMAP diet. GI microbial differences were assessed using three metrics of alpha diversity (species richness, evenness, and phylogenetic diversity), as well as beta diversity (overall microbial composition). Differential abundance analysis was performed to identify specific genera associated with SSc-GI phenotype and low versus non-low FODMAP diet.ResultsOf the 66 total SSc patients included, the majority were women (n = 56) with a mean disease duration of 9.6 years. Thirty-five participants completed the DHQ II. Increased severity of GI symptoms (total GIT 2.0 score) was associated with decreased species diversity and differences in GI microbial composition. Specifically, pathobiont genera (e.g., Klebsiella and Enterococcus) were significantly more abundant in patients with increased GI symptom severity. When comparing low (N = 19) versus non-low (N = 16) FODMAP groups, there were no significant differences in GI symptom severity or in alpha and beta diversity. Compared with the low FODMAP group, the non-low FODMAP group had greater abundance of the pathobiont Enterococcus.ConclusionSSc patients reporting more severe GI symptoms exhibited GI microbial dysbiosis characterized by less species diversity and alterations in microbial composition. A low FODMAP diet was not associated with significant alterations in GI microbial composition or reduced SSc-GI symptoms; however, randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of specific diets on GI symptoms in SSc.

Dataset Information

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial.

Publications

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets