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Explaining illness with evil: pathogen prevalence fosters moral vitalism.


ABSTRACT: Pathogens represent a significant threat to human health leading to the emergence of strategies designed to help manage their negative impact. We examined how spiritual beliefs developed to explain and predict the devastating effects of pathogens and spread of infectious disease. Analysis of existing data in studies 1 and 2 suggests that moral vitalism (beliefs about spiritual forces of evil) is higher in geographical regions characterized by historical higher levels of pathogens. Furthermore, drawing on a sample of 3140 participants from 28 countries in study 3, we found that historical higher levels of pathogens were associated with stronger endorsement of moral vitalistic beliefs. Furthermore, endorsement of moral vitalistic beliefs statistically mediated the previously reported relationship between pathogen prevalence and conservative ideologies, suggesting these beliefs reinforce behavioural strategies which function to prevent infection. We conclude that moral vitalism may be adaptive: by emphasizing concerns over contagion, it provided an explanatory model that enabled human groups to reduce rates of contagious disease.

SUBMITTER: Bastian B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6842846 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Explaining illness with evil: pathogen prevalence fosters moral vitalism.

Bastian Brock B   Vauclair Christin-Melanie CM   Loughnan Steve S   Bain Paul P   Ashokkumar Ashwini A   Becker Maja M   Bilewicz Michał M   Collier-Baker Emma E   Crespo Carla C   Eastwick Paul W PW   Fischer Ronald R   Friese Malte M   Gómez Ángel Á   Guerra Valeschka M VM   Guevara José Luis Castellanos JLC   Hanke Katja K   Hooper Nic N   Huang Li-Li LL   Junqi Shi S   Karasawa Minoru M   Kuppens Peter P   Leknes Siri S   Peker Müjde M   Pelay Cesar C   Pina Afroditi A   Sachkova Marianna M   Saguy Tamar T   Silfver-Kuhalampi Mia M   Sortheix Florencia F   Tong Jennifer J   Yeung Victoria Wai-Lan VW   Duffy Jacob J   Swann William B WB  

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20191030 1914


Pathogens represent a significant threat to human health leading to the emergence of strategies designed to help manage their negative impact. We examined how spiritual beliefs developed to explain and predict the devastating effects of pathogens and spread of infectious disease. Analysis of existing data in studies 1 and 2 suggests that moral vitalism (beliefs about spiritual forces of evil) is higher in geographical regions characterized by historical higher levels of pathogens. Furthermore, d  ...[more]

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