Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lopez L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6846331 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:To determine the longitude lipid profiles in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to investigate the relationship between lipid disturbances in the 1st trimester and GDM.Blood samples were collected from 1283 normal pregnant women and 300 women with GDM. Serum lipids which include total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured and the TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and then we got the longitudinal lipid profiles. We compared the differences of lipid profiles between patients with GDM and normal pregnant women using 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Also additional propensity-based subgroup analyses were performed. The logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the lipid disturbances in the 1st trimester and GDM.TG, TC, LDL-C concentrations, and TG/HDL-C ratio increased progressively throughout pregnancy; while HDL-C amounts increased from the 1st to the 2nd trimester with a slight decrease in the 3rd trimester. The GDM group showed higher TG concentrations, higher TG/HDL-C ratio, and lower HDL-C concentrations throughout pregnancy. There were no significant differences in TC and LDL-C concentrations in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters (P?>?.05), between the GDM group and the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and TG/HDL ratio in the 1st trimester were associated with an increased risk of GDM.The lipid profile alters significantly in patients with GDM, and maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, and TG/HDL ratio in the 1st trimester were associated with an increased risk of GDM.
| S-EPMC6494372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and sleep-related symptoms among midlife women from four major racial/ethnic groups in the United States.MethodsThe data from 164 participants of two larger Internet survey studies (62 women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 102 women without diabetes) were included. In the original studies, multiple instruments including the questions on background characteristics, health status, and menopause status and the Sleep Index for Midlife Women were used. The data were analyzed using χ tests, independent t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses.ResultsThe mean total number of sleep-related symptoms was significantly higher in those with type 2 diabetes (9.95 ± 5.83) than those without diabetes (7.25 ± 6.08) (t = 2.81, P = 0.006). The mean total severity score of sleep-related symptoms was also significantly higher in those with type 2 diabetes (33.42 ± 22.41) than those without diabetes (21.87 ± 21.40) (t = 3.29, P = 0.001). Among postmenopausal women and Asian women, there were significant differences in total numbers and total severity scores between those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes (all P < 0.05). When background characteristics, health status, and menopause status were controlled, having a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with total numbers (β=0.143, P = 0.047) and total severity scores (β=0.176, P = 0.014) of sleep-related symptoms.ConclusionsThis secondary analysis supported significant associations of type 2 diabetes to sleep-related symptoms of midlife women from four major racial/ethnic groups in the United States.
| S-EPMC7951177 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass with homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and incidence of diabetes mellitus in women with and without HIV infection. DESIGN:Cross-sectional design for associations between abdominal fat and HOMA-IR; longitudinal design for associations between abdominal fat and incident diabetes. METHODS:We assessed associations between dual X-ray absorptiometry scan-derived VAT and SAT with HOMA-IR in a subsample from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n?=?226 with and n?=?100 without HIV) using linear regression. We evaluated associations of VAT, SAT and HOMA-IR with incident diabetes mellitus using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS:VAT mass was positively associated with log HOMA-IR in fully adjusted linear regression models stratified by HIV serostatus, including adjustment for SAT. During median follow-up of 10.6 years, incidence of diabetes was 1.63 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15-2.31] and 1.32 [95% CI 0.77-2.28] cases per 100 person-years in women with and without HIV (P?=?0.52). In a fully adjusted model, baseline VAT (hazard ratio 2.64 per kg; 95% CI 1.14-6.12; P?=?0.023) and SAT (hazard ratio 1.34 per kg; 95% CI 0.73-2.45; P?=?0.35) were associated with incident diabetes, but the latter was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:VAT mass was independently associated with HOMA-IR in women with and without HIV and was independently associated with future development of diabetes.
| S-EPMC6084460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, is characterized by underlying maternal defects in the ?-cell response to insulin during pregnancy. Women with a previous history of GDM have a greater than 7-fold higher risk of developing postpartum diabetes compared with women without GDM. Various risk factors for postpartum diabetes have been identified, including maternal age, glucose levels in pregnancy, family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy and postpartum body mass index, dietary patterns, physical activity, and breastfeeding. Genetic studies revealed that GDM shares common genetic variants with type 2 diabetes. A number of lifestyle interventional trials that aimed to ameliorate modifiable risk factors, including diet, exercise, and breastfeeding, succeeded in reducing the incidence of postpartum diabetes, weight retention, and other obesity-related morbidities. The present review summarizes the findings of previous studies on the incidence and risk factors of postpartum diabetes and discusses recent lifestyle interventional trials that attempted to prevent postpartum diabetes.
| S-EPMC5214732 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of bioreactor-grown cell cultures of the medicinal plant species Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in laboratory rats. In the adrenaline model of hyperglycemia, aqueous suspensions of cell biomass pre-administered at a dose of 100 mg dry biomass/kg significantly reduced glucose level in animal blood 1-2.5 h (D. deltoidea and T. terrestris) or 1 h (P. japonicus) after adrenaline hydrochloride administration. In a streptozotocin-induced model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cell biomass of D. deltoidea and T. terrestris acted towards normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant reduction of daily diuresis (by 39-57%), blood-glucose level (by 46-51%), blood content in urine (by 78-80%) and total cholesterol (25-36%) compared to animals without treatment. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified in the cell cultures and potentially responsible for their actions were deltoside, 25(S)-protodioscin and protodioscin in D. deltoidea; furostanol-type steroidal glycosides and quinic acid derivatives in T. terrestris; and ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides in P. japonicus. These results evidenced for high potential of bioreactor-grown cell suspensions of these species for prevention and treatment of CMD, which requires further investigation.
| S-EPMC8617789 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in that patients are unable to compensate for the degree of insulin resistance, and both conditions are often treated with metformin. The comparative pharmacodynamic response to metformin in these 2 populations has not been studied. This study characterized insulin sensitivity, β-cell responsivity, and disposition index following a mixed-meal tolerance test utilizing a minimal model of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics before and during treatment with metformin. The study included women with gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 34), T2DM (n = 14), and healthy pregnant women (n = 30). Before treatment, the gestational diabetes mellitus group had significantly higher baseline (45%), dynamic (68%), static (71%), and total β-cell responsivity (71%) than the T2DM group. Metformin significantly increased insulin sensitivity (51%) as well as disposition index (97%) and decreased mixed-meal tolerance test peak glucose concentrations (8%) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus after adjustment for gestational age-dependent effects; however, in women with T2DM metformin only significantly affected peak glucose concentrations (22%) and had no significant effect on any other parameters. Metformin had a greater effect on the change in disposition index (Δ disposition index) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus than in those with T2DM (P = .01). In conclusion, response to metformin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus is significantly different from that in women with T2DM, which is likely related to the differences in disease severity.
| S-EPMC7064374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo explore the factors affecting neonatal physical development in pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThe subjects were selected from the pregnant woman giving birth in 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from November 2015 to May 2016. The age, occupation, education level, gestational age, body weight before pregnancy, body weight at delivery, body height, delivery pattern, GDM status of pregnant women and neonatal gender, birth weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), head circumference (HC) and birth length (BL) were collected through medical records and questionnaires. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and studied.ResultsThe significant differences were found between women with GDM and without GDM in following neonatal variables (P<0.05): BW, CC, and HC. GDM status increased the incidence of macrosomia (OR = 2.241, 95% CI: 1.406-3.573), large CC (OR = 2.470, 95% CI: 1.687-3.6153). Gestational weight gain (GWG) above IOM guideline was risk factor for macrosomia (OR = 1.763, 95% CI:1.098-2.833), large HC (OR = 1,584, 95% CI: 1.093-2.296) and large CC (OR = 1.707, 95% CI:1.163-2.506). Underweight was risk factor for short BL (OR = 2.543, 95% CI:1.161-5.571) and small CC (OR = 1.901, 95% CI:1.064-3.394). Female neonate was prone to appear short BL(OR = 2.831, 95% CI: 1.478-5.422) and small HC (OR = 2.750, 95% CI: 1.413-5.350), and not likely to macrosomia (OR = 0.538, 95% CI: 0.343-0.843), longer BL (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.401-0.850), large HC (OR = 0.501, 95% CI: 0.352-0.713), and (OR = 0.640, 95% CI: 0.446-0.917). For women with GDM, gestational age was an risk factor of neonatal BW (low BW: OR = 0.207, 95% CI: 0.085-0.503; macrosomia: OR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.177-2.276), BL (short BL: OR = 0.376, 95% CI: 0.241-0.585; long BL: OR = 1.422, 95% CI: 1.054-1.919), HC (small HC: OR = 0.343, 95% CI: 0.202-0.583; large HC: OR = 1.399, 95% CI: 1.063-1.842) and CC (small CC: OR = 0.524, 95% CI: 0.374-0.733; large CC: OR = 1.485, 95% CI: 1.138-1.936).ConclusionsIn our study, gestational age, GDM status, neonatal gender, GWG and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) are associated the abnormal physical development of neonates. In women with GDM, gestational age was correlate with neonatal abnormal physical developments.
| S-EPMC8087091 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrucalopride is a selective, high-affinity, 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, which is approved for the symptomatic treatment of chronic constipation in women in whom laxatives fail to provide adequate relief. Women of childbearing potential, many of whom will be using oral contraceptives, comprise a large proportion of patients seeking medical therapy for constipation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prucalopride on the absorption and steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives in healthy women.MethodsSixteen women (aged 18-45 years) were enrolled in this open-label, two-way crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01036893) and given two 5-day treatments with a once-daily oral contraceptive (ethinylestradiol 0.035 mg + norethisterone 1 mg), alone and in combination with prucalopride 2 mg once daily. Treatments were separated by a 7 ± 2-day washout period. On days 1 and 5, blood samples were obtained pre-dose and at regular intervals post-dose up to 24 and 48 hours, respectively, to determine ethinylestradiol and norethisterone plasma concentrations. Prucalopride plasma concentrations were determined pre-dose and 3 hours post-dose on days 1 and 5, and 24 hours post-dose on day 6. Safety was assessed.ResultsThirteen participants completed the study. One participant was thought to be non-compliant on days 3 and/or 4, and was excluded from the day 5 analysis. On days 1 and 5, maximum plasma concentrations of both oral contraceptive constituents were attained in ~1 hour and were unaffected by prucalopride administration. On day 5, steady-state prucalopride and oral contraceptive concentrations had been achieved. Prucalopride did not affect the pharmacokinetics of the oral contraceptives: point estimates for the maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve values and their associated 90 % confidence intervals were contained within predefined equivalence limits (80-125 %). Prucalopride was well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with those observed in previous studies.ConclusionCo-administration of prucalopride with an oral contraceptive did not result in any clinically meaningful pharmacokinetic interactions and was well tolerated.
| S-EPMC3627014 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Studies about affect changes during the menstrual cycle and the role of hormones in these changes have yielded contradictory results. Often research has focused on the pre-menstrual phase, with few studies paying specific attention to the affect changes around ovulation. In this research thirty women completed a daily questionnaire measuring the positive and negative affect during their menstrual cycle. These women were divided in two groups: hormonally-contracepting and naturally-cycling. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was used to measure the affect. A Digital Ovulation Test was used to determine the day of ovulation in the participants not taking hormonal contraceptives by measuring the Luteinizing Hormone peak. The differences in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) between groups were examined. The results indicate that during the ovulatory phase, PA scores are significantly higher in naturally-cycling women than hormonally-contracepting women.
| S-EPMC5382146 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition characterised by pancreatic beta cell destruction and absolute insulin deficiency. The strongest predictor of diabetes complications is glycaemic control and achieving HbA1c ? 7.0% is the primary management target. However, standard treatment appears to be lacking and adjunctive strategies require consideration. A systematic review was conducted to examine the effect of low-carbohydrate diets on type 1 diabetes management. Four databases were searched from inception until 28 March 2017: MEDLINE; CINAHL; Cochrane Library; and EMBASE. All primary studies containing a methods section (excluding cross-sectional) were included. Reports had to quantitatively measure the effect(s) of a dietary intervention or observed intake over at least two weeks where carbohydrate is below 45% total energy in adults and/or children with type 1 diabetes. The primary outcome was HbA1c and secondary outcomes were severe hypoglycaemia, total daily insulin, BMI, quality of life and mean daily glucose. Seventy-nine full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and nine were included (two randomised controlled trials, four pre-post interventions, two case-series, one case-report). Eight studies reported a mean change in HbA1c with a low-carbohydrate diet. Of these, four reported a non-significant change (P ? 0.05) and three reported statistically significant reductions (P < 0.05). Two studies reported severe hypoglycaemia, five reported total insulin, three reported BMI, and one reported blood glucose. Due to the significant heterogeneity of included studies, an overall effect could not be determined. This review presents all available evidence on low-carbohydrate diets for type 1 diabetes and suggests an urgent need for more primary studies.
| S-EPMC5875783 | biostudies-other