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Metabolite profiling and genome-wide association studies reveal response mechanisms of phosphorus deficiency in maize seedling.

ABSTRACT: Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) is an essential element in numerous metabolic reactions and signaling pathways, but the molecular details of these pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, metabolite profiles of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves and roots were compared between six low-Pi-sensitive lines and six low-Pi-tolerant lines under Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions to identify pathways and genes associated with the low-Pi stress response. Results showed that under Pi deprivation the concentrations of nucleic acids, organic acids and sugars were increased, but that the concentrations of phosphorylated metabolites, certain amino acids, lipid metabolites and nitrogenous compounds were decreased. The levels of secondary metabolites involved in plant immune reactions, including benzoxazinoids and flavonoids, were significantly different in plants grown under Pi-deficient conditions. Among them, the 11 most stable metabolites showed significant differences under low- and normal-Pi conditions based on the coefficient of variation (CV). Isoleucine and alanine were the most stable metabolites for the identification of Pi-sensitive and Pi-resistant maize inbred lines. With the significant correlation between morphological traits and metabolites, five low-Pi-responding consensus genes associated with morphological traits and simultaneously involved in metabolic pathways were mined by combining metabolites profiles and genome-wide association study (GWAS). The consensus genes induced by Pi deficiency in maize seedlings were also validated by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, these genes were further validated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, in which the glucose-6-phosphate-1-epimerase encoding gene mediated yield and correlated traits to phosphorus availability. Together, our results provide a framework for understanding the metabolic processes underlying Pi-deficient responses and give multiple insights into improving the efficiency of Pi use in maize.

SUBMITTER: Luo B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6850195 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolite profiling and genome-wide association studies reveal response mechanisms of phosphorus deficiency in maize seedling.

Luo Bowen B Ma Peng P Nie Zhi Z Zhang Xiao X He Xuan X Ding Xin X Feng Xing X Lu Quanxiao Q Ren Zhiyong Z Lin Haijian H Wu Yuanqi Y Shen Yaou Y Zhang Suzhi S Wu Ling L Liu Dan D Pan Guangtang G Rong Tingzhao T Gao Shibin S

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 20190122 5

Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) is an essential element in numerous metabolic reactions and signaling pathways, but the molecular details of these pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, metabolite profiles of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves and roots were compared between six low-Pi-sensitive lines and six low-Pi-tolerant lines under Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions to identify pathways and genes associated with the low-Pi stress response. Results showed that under Pi deprivation the conc ...[more]

PMID: 30472798

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Project description:BackgroundMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crop plants. Unavoidable economic and environmental problems associated with the excessive use of phosphatic fertilizers demands its better management. The solution lies in improving the phosphorus (P) use efficiency to sustain productivity even at low P levels. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of contrasting genotypes provides a snap shot of whole metabolome which differs under specific conditions. This information provides an understanding of the mechanisms underlying tolerance to P stress and the approach for increasing P-use-efficiency.Methodology/principal findingsA comparative metabolite-profiling approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to investigate the effect of P starvation and its restoration in low-P sensitive (HM-4) and low-P tolerant (PEHM-2) maize genotypes. A comparison of the metabolite profiles of contrasting genotypes in response to P-deficiency revealed distinct differences among low-P sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Another set of these genotypes were grown under P-restoration condition and sampled at different time intervals (3, 5 and 10 days) to investigate if the changes in metabolite profile under P-deficiency was restored. Significant variations in the metabolite pools of these genotypes were observed under P-deficiency which were genotype specific. Out of 180 distinct analytes, 91 were identified. Phosphorus-starvation resulted in accumulation of di- and trisaccharides and metabolites of ammonium metabolism, specifically in leaves, but decreased the levels of phosphate-containing metabolites and organic acids. A sharp increase in the concentrations of glutamine, asparagine, serine and glycine was observed in both shoots and roots under low-P condition.ConclusionThe new insights generated on the maize metabolome in response to P-starvation and restoration would be useful towards improvement of the P-use efficiency in maize.

Project description:This study is undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9, were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15 d. Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P, and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG) in both genotypes. Individually, salinity and low P increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both genotypes, but combined stress decreased the activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities in both genotypes. However, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Conversely, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of the down-regulation of glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.

Dataset Information

Metabolite profiling and genome-wide association studies reveal response mechanisms of phosphorus deficiency in maize seedling.

Publications

Metabolite profiling and genome-wide association studies reveal response mechanisms of phosphorus deficiency in maize seedling.

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