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Antigen-specific CD8 T cells in cell cycle circulate in the blood after vaccination.

ABSTRACT: Although clonal expansion is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, the location(s) where antigen-responding T cells enter cell cycle and complete it have been poorly explored. This lack of knowledge stems partially from the limited experimental approaches available. By using Ki67 plus DNA staining and a novel strategy for flow cytometry analysis, we distinguished antigen-specific CD8 T cells in G₀ , in G₁ and in S-G₂ /M phases of cell cycle after intramuscular vaccination of BALB/c mice with antigen-expressing viral vectors. Antigen-specific cells in S-G₂ /M were present at early times after vaccination in lymph nodes (LNs), spleen and, surprisingly, also in the blood, which is an unexpected site for cycling of normal non-leukaemic cells. Most proliferating cells had high scatter profile and were undetected by current criteria of analysis, which under-estimated up to 6 times antigen-specific cell frequency in LNs. Our discovery of cycling antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the blood opens promising translational perspectives.

SUBMITTER: Simonetti S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6850756 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antigen-specific CD8 T cells in cell cycle circulate in the blood after vaccination.

Simonetti Sonia S Natalini Ambra A Folgori Antonella A Capone Stefania S Nicosia Alfredo A Santoni Angela A Di Rosa Francesca F

Scandinavian journal of immunology 20190115 2

Although clonal expansion is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, the location(s) where antigen-responding T cells enter cell cycle and complete it have been poorly explored. This lack of knowledge stems partially from the limited experimental approaches available. By using Ki67 plus DNA staining and a novel strategy for flow cytometry analysis, we distinguished antigen-specific CD8 T cells in G0 , in G1 and in S-G2 /M phases of cell cycle after intramuscular vaccina ...[more]

PMID: 30488973

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Project description:Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) remains a challenge for cloven-hooved animals. The currently licensed FMDV vaccines induce neutralizing antibody (NAb)-mediated protection but show defects in the early protection. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have shown great potency in inducing rapid T-cell immunity in humans and mice. Whether DC vaccination could enhance early protection against FMDV has not been elaborately explored in domestic pigs. In this study, we employed DC vaccination as an experimental approach to study the roles of cellular immunity in the early protection against FMDV in pigs. Autologous DCs were differentiated from the periphery blood mononuclear cells of each pig, pulsed with inactivated FMDV (iFMDV-DC) and treated with LPS, and then injected into the original pigs. The cellular immune responses and protective efficacy elicited by the iFMDV-DC were examined by multicolor flow cytometry and tested by FMDV challenge. The results showed that autologous iFMDV-DC immunization induced predominantly FMDV-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs), high NAb titers, compared to the inactivated FMDV vaccine, and accelerated the development of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, which was concomitantly associated with early protection against FMDV virulent strain in pigs. Such early protection was associated with the rapid proliferation of secondary T-cell response after challenge and significantly contributed by secondary CD8 effector memory T cells. These results demonstrated that rapid induction of cellular immunity through DC immunization is important for improving early protection against FMDV. Enhancing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells may facilitate the development of more effective FMDV vaccines.IMPORTANCEAlthough the currently licensed FMDV vaccines provide NAb-mediated protection, they have defects in early immune protection, especially in pigs. In this study, we demonstrated that autologous swine DC immunization augmented the cellular immune response and induced an early protective response against FMDV in pigs. This approach induced predominantly FMDV-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, high NAb titers, and rapid development of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. Importantly, the early protection conferred by this DC immunization is more associated with secondary CD8+ T response rather than NAbs. Our findings highlighted the importance of enhancing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in early protection to FMDV in addition to Th1 response and identifying a strategy or adjuvant comparable to the DC vaccine might be a future direction for improving the current FMDV vaccines.

Dataset Information

Antigen-specific CD8 T cells in cell cycle circulate in the blood after vaccination.

Publications

Antigen-specific CD8 T cells in cell cycle circulate in the blood after vaccination.

Similar Datasets

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