Astilbin prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice through the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jin H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6850941 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug with broad-spectrum anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic potential. However, its regulatory effects on osteoclastogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study found that NTZ potently inhibited osteoclast formation at the early stage of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner at a non-growth inhibitory concentration. NTZ suppressed actin ring formation and decreased osteoclast marker gene expression, including TRAP, MMP9, and cathepsin K. NTZ significantly impaired the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. In vivo, ovariectomized mice were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d NTZ for 3 months. NTZ (100 mg/kg/d) administration markedly reduced ovariectomy-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclast activity. Mechanistically, osteoclastogenesis blockade elicited by NTZ resulted from inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, and reduction of the Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and NFATc1 expression. NTZ weakened the binding between STAT3 and the NFATc1 promoter region. Furthermore, enforced NFATc1 expression partly rescued the impaired osteoclast differentiation in NTZ-treated RAW264.7 cells. In summary, NTZ could inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone loss through modulation of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced STAT3-NFATc1 signaling pathway, which might be a potential alternative treatment regimen against bone destruction-related diseases including osteoporosis.
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Project description:Osteolytic bone diseases, for example postmenopausal osteoporosis, arise from the imbalances between osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the bone remodeling process, whereby osteoclastic bone resorption greatly exceeds osteoblastic bone formation resulting in severe bone loss and deterioration in bone structure and microarchitecture. Therefore, the identification of agents that can inhibit osteoclast formation and/or function for the treatment of osteolytic bone disease has been the focus of bone and orthopedic research. Vindoline (Vin), an indole alkaloid extracted from the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, has been shown to possess extensive biological and pharmacological benefits, but its effects on bone metabolism remains to be documented. Our study demonstrated for the first time, that Vin could inhibit osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) precursor cells as well as mature osteoclastic bone resorption. We further determined that the underlying molecular mechanism of action of Vin is in part due to its inhibitory effect against the activation of MAPK including p38, JNK, and ERK and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This effect ultimately suppressed the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1, which consequently downregulated the expression of the genes required for osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Consistent with our in vitro findings, in vivo administration of Vin protected mice against ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss and trabecular bone deterioration. These results provided promising evidence for the potential therapeutic application of Vin as a novel treatment option against osteolytic diseases.
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Project description:Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a progressive bone disease characterized by the over-production and activation of osteoclasts in elderly women. In our study, we investigated the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of evodiamine (EVO) in vivo and in vitro, as well as the underlying mechanism. By using an in vitro bone marrow macrophage (BMM)-derived osteoclast culture system, we found that EVO inhibited osteoclast formation, hydroxyapatite resorption and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast marker gene and protein expression. Mechanistically, we found that EVO inhibited the degradation and RANKL-induced transcriptional activity of IκBα. RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillations were also abrogated by EVO. In vivo, an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model was established to mimic PMO, and OVX mice received oral administration of either EVO (10 mg/kg) or saline every other day. We found that EVO can attenuate bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that EVO suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB and calcium signalling pathways and has potential value as a therapeutic agent for PMO.
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Project description:This article was submitted to Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), which increases the risk of fracture, is the most common bone disease in women. PMOP not only increases the risk of death but also imposes a financial burden on countless families. At present, most of the drugs used to treat osteoporosis have significant side effects, so it is important to find effective anti-osteoporosis medications without major side effects. Sesamolin (Ses) is a kind of natural lignan extracted from sesame oil. Many researches have shown that Ses has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer effects, however it is still unknown whether it has any effect on osteoporosis. In this research, we explored the therapeutic effect of Ses in the process of osteoclast formation and bone resorption and found that Ses effectively inhibited osteoclast formation in vitro through TRAcP staining and hydroxyapatite resorption assays. Through Western blot analysis of the NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, c-Fos and NFATc1, it was found that Ses not only effectively inhibited the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways induced by RANKL but also significantly reduced the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. Several genes specifically expressed in osteoclasts were determined by qPCR, and Ses was also found to play a significant inhibitory role on the expression of these genes. Besides, an osteoporosis model induced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice was employed to verify that Ses could effectively reduce bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency in vivo. In conclusion, Ses showed promise as a new treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Osteoclasts play a pivotal role in diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and tumour bone metastasis. Thus, searching for natural compounds that may suppress osteoclast formation and/or function is promising for the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases. Here, we examined changes in osteoclastogenesis and LPS-induced osteolysis in response to andrographolide (AP), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from the traditional Chinese and Indian medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Effects of AP on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were measured in vitro. Western blots and RT-PCR techniques were used to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The bone protective activity of AP?in vivo was assessed in a mouse model of osteolysis. KEY RESULTS: AP concentration-dependently suppressed RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptors and cathepsin K. Further molecular analysis revealed that AP impaired RANKL-induced NF-?B signalling by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TGF-?-activated kinase 1, suppressing the phosphorylation and degradation of I?B?, and subsequently preventing the nuclear translocation of the NF-?B p65 subunit. AP also inhibited the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway without affecting p38 or JNK signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: AP suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through attenuating NF-?B and ERK/MAPK signalling pathways in vitro, thus preventing bone loss in vivo. These data indicated that AP is a promising natural compound for the treatment of osteoclast-related bone diseases.
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Project description:Osteoclasts with elevated bone resorption are commonly present in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and other osteolytic pathologies. Therefore, suppressing osteoclast generation and function has been the main focus of osteoporosis treatment. Betulinic acid (BA) represents a triterpenoid mainly purified from the bark of Betulaceae. BA shows multiple biological activities, including antitumor and anti-HIV properties, but its effect on osteolytic conditions is unknown. Here, BA suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-associated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorptive function, as assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, fibrous actin ring generation, and hydroxyapatite resorption assays. Mechanistically, BA downregulated the expression of osteoclastic-specific genes. Western blot analysis revealed that BA significantly interrupted ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK activation as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thus altering c-Fos and NFATc1 activation. Corroborating the above findings in cell-based assays, BA prevented ovariectomy-associated bone loss in an animal model. In conclusion, these findings suggest that BA can inhibit osteoclast generation and function as well as the RANKL signaling pathway, and might be used for treating osteoclast-related osteoporosis.
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Project description:Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-? (HIF-1?) plays a critical role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during bone development and bone regeneration. Previous studies have shown that 17?-estradiol activates the HIF-1? signaling pathway and that mice with conditional activation of the HIF-1? signaling pathway in osteoblasts are protected from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. In addition, it has been shown that hypoxia facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and modulates Wnt/?-catenin signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of the HIF-1? signaling pathway by hypoxia-mimicking agents would prevent bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. In this study, we confirmed the effect of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a hypoxia-mimicking agent, on the HIF-1? signaling pathway and investigated the effect of DMOG on MSC osteogenic differentiation and the Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway. We then investigated the effect of DMOG treatment on OVX-induced bone loss. Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX, OVX+L-DMOG (5 mg/kg/day), and OVX+H-DMOG (20 mg/kg/day) groups. At sacrifice, static and dynamic bone histomorphometry were performed with micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and undecalcified sections, respectively. Bone strength was assessed with the three-point bending test, and femur vessels were reconstructed and analyzed by micro-CT. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type(CTX) were measured by ELISA. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was used to assess osteoclast formation. Alterations in the HIF-1? and Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathways in the bone were detected by western blot. Our results showed that DMOG activated the HIF-1? signaling pathway, which further activated the Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway and enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation. The micro-CT results showed that DMOG treatment improved trabecular bone density and restored the bone microarchitecture and blood vessels in OVX mice. Bone strength was also partly restored in DMOG-treated OVX mice. Dynamic bone histomorphometric analysis of the femur metaphysic revealed that DMOG increased the mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate. The serum levels of VEGF and osteocalcin were higher in DMOG-treated OVX mice. However, there were no significant differences in serum CTX or in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained cells between DMOG-treated OVX mice and OVX mice. Western blot results showed that DMOG administration partly rescued the decrease in HIF-1? and ?-catenin expression following ovariectomy. Collectively, these results indicate that DMOG prevents bone loss due to ovariectomy in C57BL/6J mice by enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which are associated with activated HIF-1? and Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathways.
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Project description:Rationale: Growing evidence indicates that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is a critical factor in the development of osteoporosis by triggering osteoclast formation and function. Pseurotin A (Pse) is a secondary metabolite isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus with antioxidant properties, recently shown to exhibit a wide range of potential therapeutic applications. However, its effects on osteoporosis remain unknown. This study aimed to explore whether Pse, by suppressing ROS level, is able to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent the bone loss induced by estrogen-deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Methods: The effects of Pse on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorptive function were examined by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) staining and hydroxyapatite resorption assay. 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) was used to detect intracellular ROS production in vitro. Western blot assay was used to identify proteins associated with ROS generation and scavenging as well as ROS-mediated signaling cascades including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB pathways, and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) signaling. The expression of osteoclast-specific genes was assessed by qPCR. The in vivo potential of Pse was determined using an OVX mouse model administered with Pse or vehicle for 6 weeks. In vivo ROS production was assessed by intravenous injection of dihydroethidium (DHE) into OVX mice 24h prior to killing. After sacrifice, the bone samples were analyzed using micro-CT and histomorphometry to determine bone volume, osteoclast activity, and ROS level ex vivo. Results: Pse was demonstrated to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorptive function in vitro, as well as the downregulation of osteoclast-specific genes including Acp5 (encoding TRAcP), Ctsk (encoding cathepsin K), and Mmp9 (encoding matrix metalloproteinase 9). Mechanistically, Pse suppressed intracellular ROS level by inhibiting RANKL-induced ROS production and enhancing ROS scavenging enzymes, subsequently suppressing MAPK pathway (ERK, P38, and JNK) and NF-κB pathways, leading to the inhibition of NFATc1 signaling. Micro-CT and histological data indicated that OVX procedure resulted in a significant bone loss, with dramatically increased the number of osteoclasts on the bone surface as well as increased ROS level in the bone marrow microenvironment; whereas Pse supplementation was capable of effectively preventing these OVX-induced changes. Conclusion: Pse was demonstrated for the first time as a novel alternative therapy for osteoclast-related bone diseases such as osteoporosis through suppressing ROS level.
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Project description:Osteoporosis, which is often associated with increased osteoclast activity due to menopause or aging, was the main focus of this study. We investigated the inhibitory effects of water extract of desalted Salicornia europaea L. (WSE) on osteoclast differentiation and bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Our findings revealed that WSE effectively inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, as demonstrated by TRAP staining, and also suppressed bone resorption and F-actin ring formation in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of genes related to osteoclast differentiation, including NFATc1, ACP5, Ctsk, and DCSTAMP, were downregulated by WSE. Oral administration of WSE improved bone density and structural parameters in ovariectomized mice. Dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) and saponins were detected in WSE, with 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA, and 4,5-DCQA being isolated and identified. All tested DCQAs, including the aforementioned types, inhibited osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and the expression of osteoclast-related genes. Furthermore, WSE and DCQAs reduced ROS production mediated by RANKL. These results indicate the potential of WSE and its components, DCQAs, as preventive or therapeutic agents against osteoporosis and related conditions.
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Project description:Recent studies demonstrate that diet quercetin (Quer) has obvious bone protective effects on ovariectomized rodents but thus far there is no direct evidence to support the inhibitory effect of Quer on bone loss caused by long-term unloading. In the present study, we investigated whether Quer could prevent bone loss induced by unloading in mice. Mice were subjected to hindlimb suspension (HLS) and received Quer (25, 50, 100 mg· kg-1 ·day-1, ig) for 4 weeks. Before euthanasia blood sample was collected; the femurs were harvested and subjected to MicroCT analysis. We showed that Quer administration markedly improved bone microstructure evidenced by dose-dependently reversing the reduction in bone volume per tissue volume, trabecular number, and bone mineral density, and the increase of trabecular spacing in mice with HLS. Analysis of serum markers and bone histometric parameters confirmed that Quer at both middle and high doses significantly decreased bone resorption-related markers collagen type I and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, and increased bone formation-related marker procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide as compared with HLS group. Treatment with Quer (1, 2, 5 μM) dose-dependently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through promoting the expression of antioxidant hormone stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and decreasing ROS generation; knockdown of STC1 blocked the inhibitory effect of Quer on ROS generation. Knockdown of STC1 also significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis in primary osteoclasts. In conclusion, Quer protects bones and prevents unloading-caused bone loss in mice through STC1-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. The findings suggest that Quer has the potential to prevent and treat off-load bone loss as an alternative supplement.
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