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First record of Cicadellidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) from Eocene Sakhalinian amber.

ABSTRACT: Sakhalotettix eocenicus gen. & sp. nov., the first leafhopper reported from middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber, is described and illustrated. The fossil cicadellid resembles modern Xestocephalini and Bathysmatophorini in some respects but, because of its unique combination of traits, cannot be placed with certainty in either group, or in any other modern cicadellid subfamily. It is, therefore, considered to be incertae sedis within Cicadellidae.

SUBMITTER: Dietrich CH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6851209 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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New eurymeline leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Eurymelinae) from Eocene Baltic amber with notes on other fossil Cicadellidae.

Project description:Two new extinct fossil cicadellid taxa from Eocene Baltic amber, representing the subfamily Eurymelinae (sensu lato), are described and illustrated, and their relationships to modern leafhoppers are discussed. Eoidiocerus emarginatusgen. and sp. n. is the oldest known representative of the tribe Idiocerini. The new genus resembles some modern Afrotropical and Indomalayan idiocerine genera but differs in having the gena relatively narrow. Archipedionis obscurusgen. and sp. n., is the first well-preserved fossil representative of Macropsini to be described in detail. Previous reports of this tribe from Baltic amber, while credible, included too little morphological information to assess their relationships. Additional comparative notes are provided for previously described fossil taxa belonging to Idiocerini and Macropsini from the Oligocene of Germany. The new combinations Oncopsis sepultus sepultus (Statz, 1950), comb. n. and Oncopsis sepultus austerus (Statz, 1950), comb. n. are proposed for taxa previously included in Bythoscopus Germar. The previously unplaced cicadellid fossil taxon Priscacutius denticulatus Poinar & Brown, 2018 from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber is newly placed in subfamily Signoretiinae, tribe Phlogisini, and represents the oldest known member of this subfamily, the only one known from the fossil record and only the second modern cicadellid subfamily confirmed by direct fossil evidence to have been present during the Cretaceous period.

| S-EPMC5799744 | biostudies-literature

DNA barcodes for Nearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera).

Project description:BACKGROUND:Many studies have shown the suitability of sequence variation in the 5' region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene as a DNA barcode for the identification of species in a wide range of animal groups. We examined 471 species in 147 genera of Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha drawn from specimens in the Canadian National Collection of Insects to assess the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in this group. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Analysis of the COI gene revealed less than 2% intra-specific divergence in 93% of the taxa examined, while minimum interspecific distances exceeded 2% in 70% of congeneric species pairs. Although most species are characterized by a distinct sequence cluster, sequences for members of many groups of closely related species either shared sequences or showed close similarity, with 25% of species separated from their nearest neighbor by less than 1%. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:This study, although preliminary, provides DNA barcodes for about 8% of the species of this hemipteran suborder found in North America north of Mexico. Barcodes can enable the identification of many species of Auchenorrhyncha, but members of some species groups cannot be discriminated. Future use of DNA barcodes in regulatory, pest management, and environmental applications will be possible as the barcode library for Auchenorrhyncha expands to include more species and broader geographic coverage.

| S-EPMC4087040 | biostudies-literature

Webspinners in Early Eocene amber from western India (Insecta, Embiodea).

Project description:The family Scelembiidae (Neoembiodea: Embiomorpha: Archembioidea) is recorded from Asia for the first time, based on two individuals preserved in Early Eocene amber from the Cambay Basin, western India. Kumarembia hurleyi Engel & Grimaldi, gen. n. et sp. n., is described, figured, and distinguished from other archembioid genera. The genus shares male genitalic features with scelembiids, otherwise known from South America and Africa.

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First record of Tettigettalnamariae Quartau & Boulard, 1995 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Spain.

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| S-EPMC3964691 | biostudies-literature

Dual "Bacterial-Fungal" Symbiosis in Deltocephalinae Leafhoppers (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae).

Project description:The symbiotic systems (types of symbionts, their distribution in the host insect body, and their transovarial transmission between generations) of four Deltocephalinae leafhoppers: Fieberiella septentrionalis, Graphocraerus ventralis, Orientus ishidae, and Cicadula quadrinotata have been examined by means of histological, ultrastructural, and molecular techniques. In all four species, two types of symbionts are present: bacterium Sulcia (phylum Bacteroidetes) and yeast-like symbionts closely related to the entomopathogenic fungi (phylum Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes). Sulcia bacteria are always harbored in giant bacteriocytes, which are grouped into large organs termed "bacteriomes." In F. septentrionalis, G. ventralis, and O. ishidae, numerous yeast-like microorganisms are localized in cells of the fat body, whereas in C. quadrinotata, they occupy the cells of midgut epithelium in large number. Additionally, in C. quadrinotata, a small amount of yeast-like microorganisms occurs intracellularly in the fat body cells and, extracellularly, in the hemolymph. Sulcia bacteria in F. septentrionalis, G. ventralis, O. ishidae, and C. quadrinotata, and the yeast-like symbionts residing in the fat body of F. septentrionalis, G. ventralis, and O. ishidae are transovarially transmitted; i.e., they infect the ovarioles which constitute the ovaries.

| S-EPMC5856902 | biostudies-literature

First record of the non-native <i>Osbornellusauronitens</i> (Provancher, 1889) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) in Italy.

Project description:BackgroundGlobalisation and international trade, in particular, are the major drivers of introduction and the spread of non-native species. To date, more than 30 species of non-native Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha have been accidentally introduced into Europe. Some species are invasive with important repercussions primarily for agricultural activities, while almost no information exists on their impacts within natural ecosystems. Therefore, early detection of non-native species and their subsequent monitoring are extremely important actions to undertake.New informationThe North American Osbornellusauronitens (Provancher, 1889), firstly recorded for the Palearctic and Europe in Switzerland in 2016, is recorded in Italy for the first time on the basis of 77 specimens collected between August 2015 and October 2022.

| S-EPMC10336558 | biostudies-literature

First karyotype data on the family Myerslopiidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadomorpha).

Project description:In the first cytogenetic study of the recently proposed family Myerslopiidae the male karyotype of Mapucheachilensis (Nielson, 1996) was analyzed using conventional chromosome staining, AgNOR- and C-bandings, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG) n telomeric probes. A karyotype of 2n = 16 + XY, NOR on a medium-sized pair of autosomes, subterminal location of C-heterochromatin, and presence of (TTAGG) n telomeric sequence were determined. Additionally, the male internal reproductive system was studied.

| S-EPMC4296716 | biostudies-other

A remarkable new species of the sharpshooter genus Egidemia (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae).

Project description:A new species of Egidemia China, 1927, Egidemia impudica, is described and illustrated from the Department of Magdalena (Colombia). The male genitalia of the new species have a very peculiar, diagnostic feature: the pygofer is considerably reduced and truncate posteriorly, so that part of the aedeagus is exposed. A key to males of all known Egidemia species is provided. Notes comparing Egidemia impudica with the other nine known species of the genus are also given.

| S-EPMC3095125 | biostudies-literature

Bacterial symbionts of the leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae).

Project description:Plant sap-feeding hemipterans harbor obligate symbiotic microorganisms which are responsible for the synthesis of amino acids missing in their diet. In this study, we characterized the obligate symbionts hosted in the body of the xylem-feeding leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae: Evacanthini) by means of histological, ultrastructural and molecular methods. We observed that E. interruptus is associated with two types of symbiotic microorganisms: bacterium 'Candidatus Sulcia muelleri' (Bacteroidetes) and betaproteobacterium that is closely related to symbionts which reside in two other Cicadellidae representatives: Pagaronia tredecimpunctata (Evacanthinae: Pagaronini) and Hylaius oregonensis (Bathysmatophorinae: Bathysmatophorini). Both symbionts are harbored in their own bacteriocytes which are localized between the body wall and ovaries. In E. interruptus, both Sulcia and betaproteobacterial symbionts are transovarially transmitted from one generation to the next. In the mature female, symbionts leave the bacteriocytes and gather around the posterior pole of the terminal oocytes. Then, they gradually pass through the cytoplasm of follicular cells surrounding the posterior pole of the oocyte and enter the space between them and the oocyte. The bacteria accumulate in the deep depression of the oolemma and form a characteristic 'symbiont ball'. In the light of the results obtained, the phylogenetic relationships within modern Cicadomorpha and some Cicadellidae subfamilies are discussed.

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First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta, Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Rio Pichileufu, Patagonia, Argentina.

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| S-EPMC4109444 | biostudies-literature

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