Genome Sequences of Human Coronavirus OC43 and NL63, Associated with Respiratory Infections in Kilifi, Kenya.
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SUBMITTER: Kamau E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6856263 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Introduction: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) circulate endemically in human populations, often with seasonal variation. We describe the long-term patterns of paediatric disease associated with three of these viruses, HCoV-NL63, OC43 and 229E, in coastal Kenya. Methods: Continuous surveillance of pneumonia admissions was conducted at the Kilifi county hospital (KCH) located in the northern coastal region of Kenya. Children aged <5 years admitted to KCH with clinically defined syndromic severe or very severe pneumonia were recruited. Respiratory samples were taken and tested for 15 virus targets, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Unadjusted odds ratios were used to estimate the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and HCoV positivity. Results: From 2007 to 2019, we observed 11,445 pneumonia admissions, of which 314 (3.9%) tested positive for at least one of the HCoV types surveyed in the study. There were 129 (41.1%) OC43, 99 (31.5%) 229E, 74 (23.6%) NL63 positive cases and 12 (3.8%) cases of HCoV to HCoV coinfection. Among HCoV positive cases, 47% (n=147) were coinfected with other respiratory virus pathogens. The majority of HCoV cases were among children aged <1 year (66%, n=208), though there was was no change in the proportion infected by age. HCoV-OC43 was predominant of the three HCoV types throughout the surveillance period. Evidence for seasonality was not identified. Conclusions: Overall, 4% of paediatric pneumonia admissions were associated with three endemic HCoVs, with a high proportion of cases co-occurring with another respiratory virus, no clear seasonal pattern, and with the age-distribution of cases following that of pneumonia admissions (i.e. highest in infants). These observations suggest, at most, a small severe disease contribution of endemic HCoVs in this tropical setting and offer insight into their potential future burden and epidemiological characteristics.
| S-EPMC7512035 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:It is unknown to what extent the human coronaviruses (HCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E and NL63 infect healthy children. Frequencies of infections are only known for hospitalized children. OBJECTIVES:Comparing infection frequencies in children who have mild infections with frequencies in children needing hospital uptake will determine whether infection by one of the four HCoVs leads to more severe disease. In addition, the sequence of seroconversions can reveal whether infection by one HCoV protects from infection by other HCoVs. STUDY DESIGN:Two distinct study groups were monitored: healthy children and children hospitalized due to respiratory infection. HCoV natural infection rates in healthy children were obtained by serology in 25 newborns (followed 0-20months). The frequencies of severe HCoVs infection was determined by real time RT-PCR among 1471 hospitalized infants (<2-years old) with acute respiratory tract disease. RESULTS:The majority of healthy children seroconverted for HCoV-OC43 (n=19) and HCoV-NL63 (n=17), less for HCoV-HKU1 (n=9) and HCoV-229E (n=5). Notably, HCoV-HKU1 seroconversion was absent after HCoV-OC43 infection. Also HCoV-229E infection was rarely observed after HCoV-NL63 infection (1 out of 5). In the hospital 207 (14%) out of 1471 children were HCoV positive. Again we observed most infection by HCoV-OC43 (n=85) and HCoV-NL63 (n=60), followed by HCoV-HKU1 (n=47) and HCoV-229E (n=15). CONCLUSIONS:HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 infections occur frequently in early childhood, more often than HCoV-HKU1 or HCoV-229E infections. HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 may elicit immunity that protects from subsequent HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-229E infection, respectively, which would explain why HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 are the most frequently infecting HCoVs. There are no indications that infection by one of the HCoVs is more pathogenic than others.
| S-EPMC7108278 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report here the complete genome sequences of four human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43 isolates generated using targeted viral nucleic acid capture and next-generation sequencing; the isolates were collected in New Mexico and Arkansas, USA, in February (HCoV-OC43/USA/TCNP_0070/2016) and March (HCoV-OC43/USA/ACRI_0052/2016) 2016 and January 2017 (HCoV-OC43/USA/TCNP_00204/2017 and HCoV-OC43/USA/TCNP_00212/2017).
| S-EPMC5968726 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report the complete genome sequences of five human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) strains obtained using next-generation sequencing. The five HCoV-NL63 strains were obtained from hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection detected in Guangdong, China. This study provides several complete genomes of HCoV-NL63 and improves our understanding of HCoV-NL63 evolution in China.
| S-EPMC7033275 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dengue infection remains poorly characterized in Africa and little is known regarding its associated viral genetic diversity. Here, we report dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) sequence data from 10 clinical samples, including 5 complete genome sequences of the cosmopolitan genotype, obtained from febrile adults seeking outpatient care in coastal Kenya.
| S-EPMC6346200 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHuman coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a novel respiratory virus which is associated with respiratory tract infections in children.ObjectiveTo determine the role of HCoV-NL63 in infants and young children hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsRespiratory specimens were collected from 1055 infants and young children hospitalised with ARI in 2003-2004. Samples were screened by RT-PCR to detect HCoV-NL63 and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Standard shell vial culture and immunofluoresence was used to detect the common respiratory viruses including RSV, influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, adenovirus and CMV.ResultsA respiratory virus was found in 401/1055 (38.0%) samples. HCoV-NL63 was detected in 9/1055 (0.85%) with peak activity during autumn (67%). Most patients had a diagnosis of pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infection (6/9; 67%).ConclusionsThis is the first report of HCoV-NL63 infections in hospitalised children in Africa. During the 2-year period HCoV-NL63 played a minor role in ARI in children.
| S-EPMC4634228 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The possibility of seasonality of COVID-19 is being discussed; we show clinical microbiology laboratory data illustrating seasonality of coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43. The data shown are specific to the 4 studied coronaviruses and may or may not generalize to COVID-19.
| S-EPMC7275147 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe importance of endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) in children has been insufficiently elucidated upon. Our aims were to develop subgenomic (sg) mRNA tests for HCoV species OC43 and NL63, and to evaluate the relationships to HCoV genomic loads, single HCoV detections and clinical manifestations.MethodsWe have used an 11-yearlong cohort study of children admitted with respiratory tract infection (RTI) and hospital controls. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed for HCoV subtypes OC43 and NL63 with in-house diagnostic PCR. Positive samples were tested with newly developed real-time PCRs targeting sg mRNA coding for the nucleocapsid protein.ResultsOC43 sg mRNA was detected in 86% (105/122) of available OC43-positive samples in the RTI group, and in 63% (12/19) of control samples. NL63 sg mRNA was detected in 72% (71/98) and 71% (12/17) of available NL63-positive patient and control samples, respectively. In RTI samples, sg mRNA detection was strongly associated with a Ct value <32 in both diagnostic PCR tests (OC43: OR = 54, 95% CI [6.8-428]; NL63: OR = 42, 95% CI [9.0-198]) and single NL63 detections (OR = 6.9, 95% CI [1.5-32]). Comparing RTI and controls, only OC43 was associated with RTI when adjusted for age (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.1-9.4]).ConclusionWe found strong associations between OC43 and NL63 sg mRNA and high viral genomic loads. sg mRNA for OC43 was associated with RTI. The association between sg mRNA and clinical manifestations needs further evaluation.
| S-EPMC9306218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHuman coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a recently discovered human coronavirus found to cause respiratory illness in children and adults that is distinct from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and human coronaviruses 229E (HCoV-229E) and OC43 (HCoV-OC43).MethodsWe investigated the role that HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E played in children hospitalized with fever and acute respiratory symptoms in Hong Kong during the period from August 2001 through August 2002.ResultsCoronavirus infections were detected in 26 (4.4%) of 587 children studied; 15 (2.6%) were positive for HCoV-NL63, 9 (1.5%) were positive for HCoV-OC43, and 2 (0.3%) were positive for HCoV-229E. In addition to causing upper respiratory disease, we found that HCoV-NL63 can present as croup, asthma exacerbation, febrile seizures, and high fever. The mean age (+/- standard deviation [SD]) of the infected children was 30.7 +/- 19.8 months (range, 6-57 months). The mean maximum temperature (+/- SD) for the 12 children who were febrile was 39.3 degrees C +/- 0.9 degrees C, and the mean total duration of fever (+/- SD) for all children was 2.6 +/- 1.2 days (range, 1-5 days). HCoV-NL63 infections were noted in the spring and summer months of 2002, whereas HCoV-OC43 infection mainly occurred in the fall and winter months of 2001. HCoV-NL63 viruses appeared to cluster into 2 evolutionary lineages, and viruses from both lineages cocirculated in the same season.ConclusionsHCoV-NL63 is a significant pathogen that contributes to the hospitalization of children, and it was estimated to have caused 224 hospital admissions per 100,000 population aged < or = 6 years each year in Hong Kong.
| S-EPMC7107956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43 have been circulated in the human population worldwide, and they are associated with a broad range of respiratory diseases with varying severity. However, there are neither effective therapeutic drugs nor licensed vaccines available for the treatment and prevention of infections by the four HCoVs. In this study, we collected nasopharyngeal aspirates of children hospitalized for respiratory tract infection in China during 2014-2018 and conducted next-generation sequencing. Sequences of four HCoVs were then selected for an in-depth analysis. Genome sequences of 2 HCoV-NL63, 8 HCoV-229E, 2 HCoV-HKU1, and 6 HCoV-OC43 were obtained. Based on the full-length S gene, a strong temporal signal was found in HCoV-229E and the molecular evolutionary rate was 6 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year. Based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of complete S gene, we designated H78 as a new sub-genotype C2 of HCoV-HKU1, and the obtained P43 sequence was grouped into the reported novel genotype K of HCoV-OC43 circulating in Guangzhou, China. Based on the complete genome, potential recombination events were found to occur as two phenomena, namely intraspecies and interspecies. Moreover, we observed two amino acid substitutions in the S1 subunit of obtained HCoV-NL63 (G534V) and HCoV-HKU1 (H512R), while residues 534 and 512 are important for the binding of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Our findings might provide a clue for the molecular evolution of the four HCoVs and help in the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of broad-spectrum HCoV infection.
| S-EPMC9666422 | biostudies-literature