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Dispositional mindfulness predicts cortisol, cardiovascular, and psychological stress responses in adolescence.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Past studies investigating the link between mindfulness and stress responding (i.e., emotional, psychological, and physiological responses to perceived threat or challenge) have focused on mindfulness training and on adult populations. In addition, research has not directly examined whether high mindfulness is particularly beneficial under conditions of high stress. To fill these gaps, the current study examined whether dispositional mindfulness predicts reduced cortisol, psychological, and cardiovascular stress responding in adolescence, and whether these effects are moderated by perceived life stress. METHODS:Adolescents (N?=?150; 14-21yrs) completed measures of dispositional mindfulness, perceived life stress, emotional reactivity, and appraisals of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Cortisol and blood pressure responses were measured. RESULTS:Higher dispositional mindfulness predicted reduced emotional and cardiovascular responding to the TSST, as well as less-negative task appraisals. In contrast, higher dispositional mindfulness predicted greater cortisol reactivity (or increases in cortisol in response to the TSST), particularly for adolescents experiencing lower perceived life stress. CONCLUSION:These findings add to the body of literature indicating that greater mindfulness predicts improved stress responding, but do not suggest that mindfulness buffers the effects of high stress on adolescent stress responding.

SUBMITTER: Lucas-Thompson RG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6859194 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dispositional mindfulness predicts cortisol, cardiovascular, and psychological stress responses in adolescence.

Lucas-Thompson Rachel G RG Miller Reagan L RL Seiter Natasha S NS Prince Mark A MA

Psychoneuroendocrinology 20190824

<h4>Background</h4>Past studies investigating the link between mindfulness and stress responding (i.e., emotional, psychological, and physiological responses to perceived threat or challenge) have focused on mindfulness training and on adult populations. In addition, research has not directly examined whether high mindfulness is particularly beneficial under conditions of high stress. To fill these gaps, the current study examined whether dispositional mindfulness predicts reduced cortisol, psyc ...[more]

PMID: 31491590

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Project description:Mindfulness, a practice of non-judgmental awareness of present experience, has been associated with reduced eating psychopathology and emotion-driven eating. However, it remains unclear whether mindfulness relates to diet quality. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with diet quality and to explore psychological factors relating dispositional mindfulness to diet quality. Community-dwelling adults (N = 406; Mage = 43.19, SD = 7.26; Mbody mass index [BMI] = 27.08, SD = 5.28; 52% female) completed ratings of dispositional mindfulness, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA). Dietary intake was assessed using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, from which the 2015 Healthy Eating Index was derived. Analyses were conducted using the "lavaan" package in R with bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals (BootCI). Age, sex, race, education, and BMI were entered as covariates in all models. Higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with higher diet quality (β = 0.11, p = 0.03), and this effect was mediated through lower depressive symptoms (indirect effect β = 0.06, p = 0.02, BootCI = 0.104-1.42, p = 0.03). Dispositional mindfulness was negatively correlated with perceived stress (β = -0.31, p < 0.01) and NA (β = -0.43, p < 0.01), as well as positively correlated with PA (β = -0.26, p < 0.01). However, these factors were unrelated to diet quality. These cross-sectional data provide initial evidence that dispositional mindfulness relates to diet quality among midlife adults, an effect that may be explained in part by less depressive symptomatology. Given that lifestyle behaviors in midlife are leading determinants of risk for cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive impairment in late life, interventions to enhance mindfulness in midlife may mitigate disease risk. Additional research assessing the impact of mindfulness interventions on diet quality are warranted.

Project description:BackgroundWomen veterans experience higher levels of stress-related symptoms than their civilian counterparts. Psychological stress is associated with greater inflammation and may increase risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been found to improve psychological well-being in other populations but no randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted examining the impact of MBSR on well-being and inflammation in women veterans at risk for CVD.ObjectiveDetermine the effectiveness of MBSR in improving psychological well-being, cortisol, and inflammation associated with CVD in women veterans.DesignThe design is a RCT comparing MBSR to an active control condition (ACC) consisting of a health education program.ParticipantsWomen veterans (N=164) with risk factors for CVD from the Chicagoland area participated in the study.InterventionAn 8-week MBSR program with weekly 2.5-h classes was compared to an ACC consisting of an 8-week health promotion education program with weekly 2.5-h classes.Main measuresThe outcomes were psychological well-being [perceived stress, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] symptoms and stress-related markers, including diurnal salivary cortisol and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Data were collected at baseline, 4 weeks (mid-point of intervention), 8 weeks (completion of intervention), and 6 months after completion of MBSR or ACC.Key resultsCompared to the ACC, women who participated in MBSR reported less perceived stress, loneliness, and symptoms of PTSD. Although there were no significant differences between groups or changes over time in IL-6 or IFN-γ, participants in the MBSR program demonstrated a more rapid decline in diurnal salivary cortisol as compared to those in the ACC.ConclusionsMBSR was found to improve psychological well-being and decrease diurnal salivary cortisol in women veterans at risk for CVD. Health care providers may consider MBSR for women veterans as a means by which to improve their psychological well-being.

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Dispositional mindfulness predicts cortisol, cardiovascular, and psychological stress responses in adolescence.

Publications

Dispositional mindfulness predicts cortisol, cardiovascular, and psychological stress responses in adolescence.

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