Dataset Information

Deciphering Underlying Drivers of Disease Suppressiveness Against Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum.

ABSTRACT: Soil-borne diseases, especially those caused by fungal pathogens, lead to profound annual yield losses. One key example for such a disease is Fusarium wilt disease in banana. In some soils, plants do not show disease symptoms, even if the disease-causing pathogens are present. However, the underlying agents that make soils suppressive against Fusarium wilt remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to determine the underlying microbial agents governing soil disease-suppressiveness. We traced the shift of microbiomes during the invasion of disease-causing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in disease-suppressive and disease-conducive soils. We found distinct microbiome structures in the suppressive and conducive soils after pathogen invasion. The alpha diversity indices increased (or did not significantly change) and decreased, respectively, in the suppressive and conducive soils, indicating that the shift pattern of the microbiome with pathogen invasion was notably different between the suppressive and conductive soils. Microbiome networks were more complex with higher numbers of links and revealed more negative links, especially between bacterial taxa and the disease-causing Fusarium, in suppressive soils than in conducive soils. We identified the bacterial genera Chryseolinea, Terrimonas, and Ohtaekwangia as key groups that likely confer suppressiveness against disease-causing Fusarium. Overall, our study provides the first insights into agents potentially underlying the disease suppressiveness of soils against Fusarium wilt pathogen invasion. The results of this study may help to guide efforts for targeted cultivation and application of these potential biocontrol agents, which might lead to the development of effective biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt disease.

SUBMITTER: Ou Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6861331 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Deciphering Underlying Drivers of Disease Suppressiveness Against Pathogenic <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>.

Ou Yannan Y Penton C Ryan CR Geisen Stefan S Shen Zongzhuan Z Sun Yifei Y Lv Nana N Wang Beibei B Ruan Yunze Y Xiong Wu W Li Rong R Shen Qirong Q

Frontiers in microbiology 20191112

Soil-borne diseases, especially those caused by fungal pathogens, lead to profound annual yield losses. One key example for such a disease is Fusarium wilt disease in banana. In some soils, plants do not show disease symptoms, even if the disease-causing pathogens are present. However, the underlying agents that make soils suppressive against Fusarium wilt remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to determine the underlying microbial agents governing soil disease-suppressiveness. We traced the sh ...[more]

PMID: 31781059

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Project description:BackgroundThe development of suppressive soils is a promising strategy to protect plants against soil-borne diseases in a sustainable and viable manner. The use of crop rotation and the incorporation of plant residues into the soil are known to alleviate the stress imposed by soil pathogens through dynamics changes in soil biological and physicochemical properties. However, relatively little is known about the extent to which specific soil amendments of plant residues trigger the development of plant-protective microbiomes. Here, we investigated how the incorporation of pineapple residues in soils highly infested with the banana Fusarium wilt disease alleviates the pathogen pressure via changes in soil microbiomes.ResultsThe addition of above- and below-ground pineapple residues in highly infested soils significantly reduced the number of pathogens in the soil, thus resulting in a lower disease incidence. The development of suppressive soils was mostly related to trackable changes in specific fungal taxa affiliated with Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani, both of which displayed inhibitory effects against the pathogen. These antagonistic effects were further validated using an in vitro assay in which the pathogen control was related to growth inhibition via directly secreted antimicrobial substances and indirect interspecific competition for nutrients. The disease suppressive potential of these fungal strains was later validated using microbial inoculation in a well-controlled pot experiment.ConclusionsThese results mechanistically demonstrated how the incorporation of specific plant residues into the soil induces trackable changes in the soil microbiome with direct implications for disease suppression. The incorporation of pineapple residues in the soil alleviated the pathogen pressure by increasing the relative abundance of antagonistic fungal taxa causing a negative effect on pathogen growth and disease incidence. Taken together, this study provides a successful example of how specific agricultural management strategies can be used to manipulate the soil microbiome towards the development of suppressive soils against economically important soil-borne diseases. Video Abstract.

Project description:IntroductionSeveral microorganisms in the plant root system, especially in the rhizosphere, have their own compositions and functions. Corm rot is the most severe disease of Crocus sativus, leading to more than 50% mortality in field production.MethodsIn this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze microbial composition and function in the rhizosphere of C. sativus for possible microbial antagonists against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum.ResultsThe microbial diversity and composition were different in the C. sativus rhizosphere from different habitats. The diversity index (Simpson index) was significantly lower in the C. sativus rhizospheric soil from Chongming (Rs_CM) and degenerative C. sativus rhizospheric soil from Chongming (RsD_CM) than in others. Linear discriminant analysis effect size results showed that differences among habitats were mainly at the order (Burkholderiales, Micrococcales, and Hypocreales) and genus (Oidiodendron and Marssonina) levels. Correlation analysis of the relative lesion area of corm rot showed that Asanoa was the most negatively correlated bacterial genus (ρ = -0.7934, p< 0.001), whereas Moniliophthora was the most negatively correlated fungal genus (ρ = -0.7047, p< 0.001). The relative lesion area result showed that C. sativus from Qiaocheng had the highest resistance, followed by Xiuzhou and Jiande. C. sativus groups with high disease resistance had abundant pathogen resistance genes, such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase genes, from rhizosphere microorganisms. Further, 13 bacteria and 19 fungi were isolated from C. sativus rhizosphere soils, and antagonistic activity against pathogenic F. oxysporum was observed on potato dextrose agar medium. In vivo corm experiments confirmed that Trichoderma yunnanense SR38, Talaromyces sp. SR55, Burkholderia gladioli SR379, and Enterobacter sp. SR343 displayed biocontrol activity against corm rot disease, with biocontrol efficiency of 20.26%, 31.37%, 39.22%, and 14.38%, respectively.DiscussionThis study uncovers the differences in the microbial community of rhizosphere soil of C. sativus with different corm rot disease resistance and reveals the role of four rhizospheric microorganisms in providing the host C. sativus with resistance against corm rot. The obtained biocontrol microorganisms can also be used for application research and field management.

Project description:Monitoring of pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum (Fox), which cause wilt and rots on agricultural and ornamental plants, is important for predicting disease outbreaks. Since both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Fox are ubiquitous and are able to colonize plant roots, detection of Fox DNA in plant material is not the ultimate proof of an ongoing infection which would cause damage to the plant. We followed the colonization of tomato plants by strains Fox f. sp. radicis-lycopersici ZUM2407 (a tomato foot and root rot pathogen), Fox f. sp. radiciscucumerinum V03-2g (a cucumber root rot pathogen) and Fox Fo47 (a well-known non-pathogenic biocontrol strain). We determined fungal DNA concentrations in tomato plantlets by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with primers complementary to the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of these three Fox strains. Two weeks after inoculation of tomato seedlings with these Fox strains, the DNA concentration of Forl ZUM2407 was five times higher than that of the non-compatible pathogen Forc V03-2g and 10 times higher than that of Fo47. In 3-week-old plantlets the concentration of Forl ZUM2407 DNA was at least 10 times higher than those of the other strains. The fungal DNA concentration, as determined by qPCR, appeared to be in good agreement with data of the score of visible symptoms of tomato foot and root rot obtained 3 weeks after inoculation of tomato with Forl ZUM2407. Our results show that targeting of the multicopy ribosomal operon results in a highly sensitive qPCR reaction for the detection of Fox DNA. Since formae speciales of Fox cannot be distinguished by comparison of ribosomal operons, detection of Fox DNA is not evidence of plant infection by a compatible pathogen. Nevertheless, the observed difference in levels of plant colonization between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains strongly suggests that a concentration of Fox DNA in plant material above the threshold level of 0.005% is due to proliferation of pathogenic Fox.

Dataset Information

Deciphering Underlying Drivers of Disease Suppressiveness Against Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum.

Publications

Deciphering Underlying Drivers of Disease Suppressiveness Against Pathogenic <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>.

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